Chemical Optimization of Tertiary Contact Filters
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 1
Abstract
Pre‐or simultaneous precipitation combined with contact filtration for final treatment is an excellent method to achieve low phosphorus residuals in waste‐water discharges to lakes. The two dosing steps are optimized to allow for low chemical use and sufficiently long filter runs. If an Fe/P dissolvedratio of about 2.0 is used in the first step, the Fe(III)‐dosage to the second step may be kept below This allows the precipitates together with the solids from the secondary clarifier to be removed in multi‐media filters. The unfavorable filtering characteristics of the precipitates may be improved by dosing filter aids. In laboratory scale experiments low concentrations of nonionic polyacrylic polymers with high molecular weight showed best filter performance. Under optimized conditions with respect to precipitant and filter aid dosage, a full‐scale treatment plant was investigated. Consistent low phosphorus residuals at was reached at mean filtration rates of and average filter runs of 20 hr.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Arvin, E., and Persen, G., “A General Equilibrium Model for the Precipitation of Phosphate with Iron and Aluminium,” Progress in Water Technology, Vol. 12, 1980, pp. 283–298.
2.
Bernhardt, H., and Schell, H., “Der Einfluss des Energie‐eintrages auf Flockenbildung und Filtration,” Veröff. d. Bereichs und Lehrstuhl f. Wasserchemie, University of Karlsruhe, Vol. 5, 1971.
3.
Boller, M., “Flockungsfiltration zur Elimination von Phosphor aus kommunalem Abwasser,” Gas‐Wasser‐Abwasser, Vol. 56, 1976, pp. 615–622.
4.
Boller, M., and Kavanaugh, M., “Contact Filtration for Additional Removal of Phosphorus in Waste Water Treatment,” Progress in Water Technology, Vol. 8, 1977, pp. 203–213.
5.
Boller, M., “Flockungsfiltration zur Reinigung von Abwasser,” Diss. ETH Nr. 6748, 1980.
6.
Boller, M., Eugster, J., and Weber, A., “Erfahrungen mit der ersten schweizerischen Flockungsfiltrationsanlage auf der Klaranlage Hochdorf,” Gas‐Wasster‐Abwasser, Vol. 11, 1981, pp. 349–365.
7.
Ferguson, J., and Küng, T., “A Model for Aluminium Phosphate Precipitation,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 1977, pp. 646–658.
8.
Grohmann, A., “Ueber die Anwendung der Flockenbildung in Rohren zur Wasserreinhaltung und Phosphorelimination,” Z.f. Wasser Abwasser forschung, Vol. 14, 1981, pp. 194–209.
9.
Hässelbarth, U., “Phosphor‐Eliminierung aus den Zuflüssen Berliner Seen,” Z.f. Wasser Abwasser Forschung, Vol. 12, 1979, pp. 88–102.
10.
Hsu, P. H., “Two‐Step Phosphate Removal from Solution Using Aluminium Salts,” Environmental Letters, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1975, pp. 311–317.
11.
Ives, K. J., “A New Concept of Filterability,” 9th International Conference IAWPR, Stockholm, Sweden, 1978.
12.
Kavanaugh, M., Eugster, J., Weber, A., and Boller, M., “Contact Filtration for Phosphorus Removal,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Oct., 1977, pp. 2157–2171.
13.
Recht, H., and Ghassemi, M., “Kinetics and Mechanisms of Precipitation and Nature of the Precipitate Obtained in Phosphate Removal from Wastewater Using Aluminium (III) and Iron (III) Salts,” Water Pollution Control Research Series, 17010 EKI 04/70, PB 196737, 1970.
14.
Sigg, L., “Die Wechselwirkung von Anionen und schwachen Säuren mit α‐FeOOH (Geothit) in wässeriger Läsung,” Diss ETH Nr. 6417, 1979.
15.
Stumm, W., and Sigg, L., “Kolloidchemische Grundlagen der Phosphor‐Elimination in Fällung, Flockung und Filtration,” Z.f. Wasser‐und Abwasserforschung, Vol. 12, 1979, pp. 34–47.
16.
Tambo, H., and Hozumi, H., “Physical Characteristics of Flocs, I, Strength of Floc,” Water Research, Vol. 13, 1979, pp. 421–427.
17.
Westall, J., Zachary, J., and Morel, F., “MINEQL,” Technical Note No. 18, Water Quality Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 1976.
18.
Yeh, H., and Ghosh, M., “Selecting Polymers for Direct Filtration,” JAWWA, 1981, pp. 211–218.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 110 • Issue 1 • February 1984
Pages: 263 - 276
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 ASCE.
History
Published online: Feb 1, 1984
Published in print: Feb 1984
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.