TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jun 1, 2005

Addressing Pricing: Value Bidding for Engineers and Consultants

Publication: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 131, Issue 6

Abstract

This paper presents a unique treatment of competitive bidding theory as applied to pricing engineering services. Unlike low-bid procurement, the selection of engineers and design consultants is often based on several factors such as quality, availability, reputation, resume, and references, and these criteria may or may not include price. From preliminary interviews, the authors conclude that there is a need for a systematic method of evaluating potential job opportunities and determining fair market prices. This hybrid model, Value-Bidding, refocuses the competitive bidding model from a fee-based selection criteria to a value-based selection criteria. Value-Bidding utilizes an established marketing research methodology, conjoint analysis, to establish the probability of winning based on multiple factors. The resulting analytical model enables engineers to analyze market conditions, evaluate client priorities, systematically track competitors, and optimize proposals, while maximizing the probability of winning, maximizing profit, and optimizing price.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Allison, N., et al. (1992). Conjoint analysis: A guide for designing and interpreting conjoint studies, American Marketing Association, Chicago.
Bagozzi, R. P., ed. (1994) Advanced methods of marketing research, Chap. 7, Blackwell Publishers, Malden, Mass. 1994.
Benz, S. M. (1995). “What do project managers need to know about CADD?” J. Manage. Eng., 11(1), 22–25.
Christodoulou, S. (2000). “The Science in Human Intuition: Optimum Bid Markup Calculation in Competitive Bidding Environments Using Probabilistic Neural Networks.” Proc., ASCE 8th International Conf. Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif.
Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). (2000). Secretary of Defense, Administrator of General Services and the Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. GSA’s FAR Secretariat ⟨http://www.arnet.gov/far⟩ (accessed June, 2000).
Fredrickson, K. (1998). “Design guidelines for design-build projects.” J. Manage. Eng., 14(1), 77–80.
Gates, M. (1967). “Bidding strategies and probabilities.” J. Constr. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 93(1), 75–110.
Gelb, G. (1988). “Conjoint analysis helps explain the bid process.” Marketing News, 22(6), 1, 31. American Marketing Assoc. (AMA).
Goodowens, J. B. (1996). A user’s guide to federal architect-engineer contracts, 2nd Ed., ASCE, New York.
Green, P. E., and Rao, V. R. (1971). “Conjoint measurement for quantifying judgmental data.” J. Mar. Res., 8, 355–363.
Green, P. E., and Srinivasan, V. (1978). “Conjoint analysis in consumer research: Issues and outlook.” J. Consum. Res., 5, 103–123.
Green, P. E., and Srinivasan, V. (1990). “Conjoint analysis in marketing: new developments with implications for research and practice.” J. Marketing, 54, 3–19.
Gustafsson, A., Herrmann, A., and Huber, F., eds. (2000). Conjoint measurement: Methods and applications, Springer, New York.
Huber, J., Holbrook, M. B., and Kahn, B. (1986). “Effects of competitive context and of additional information on price sensitivity.” J. Mar. Res., 23, 250–260.
Huber, J., Payne, J. W., and Puto, C. (1982). “Adding asymmetrically dominated alternatives: Violations of regularity and the similarity hypothesis.” J. Consum. Res., 9, 90–98.
Lehmann, D. R., Gupta, S., and Steckel, J. H. (1998). Market Research, Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc., New York.
Louviere, J. (1994). “Conjoint analysis.” Handbook of marketing research, R. Bagozzi, ed., Chap. 7, Blackwell, Oxford, U. K.
Orme, B. (1999). “CBC user manual, version 2.0.” Sawtooth Software, Inc., Sequim, Wash. ⟨http://www.sawtoothsoftware.com
Parks, G. A., and McBride, R. R. (1987). “Competitive bidding for engineering services.” J. Prof. Issues Eng., 113(1), 66–76.
Phair, M., and Powers, M. B. (1998). “Processing data,” ENR, 24–27.
Phipps, A. R. (2000). “Box girder balancing act.” Civ. Eng. (N.Y.), 70(3), 33–39.
Potter, K. J., and Sanvido, V. (1994). “Design/build prequalification system.” J. Manage. Eng., 10(2), 48–56.
Sriram, R. D. (1998). “Information technology for engineering design.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 12(3), 123–125.
Sturts, C. (2001). “Value-Bidding: An integrative approach utilizing conjoint analysis and classical bidding theory.” PhD thesis, Columbia Univ., New York.
Summit on Software (2000). “Summit on software reveals the changing role of technology.” Civ. Eng. (N.Y.), 70(3), 32.
Tulacz, G. J. (2000). “Hot markets shift into higher gear.” ENR, 56–64.
Whittaker, J. (1981). “General bidding model.” J. Constr. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 108(4), 639–650.
Wind, J., Green, P. E., Shifflet, D., and Scarbrough, M. (1989). “Designing a hotel facility with consumer-based marketing models.” Interfaces, 19(1), 25–47.
Wittink, D. R., and Cattin, P. (1989). “Commercial use of conjoint analysis: An update.” J. Marketing, 53, 91–96.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 131Issue 6June 2005
Pages: 621 - 630

History

Received: Nov 25, 2003
Accepted: Sep 2, 2004
Published online: Jun 1, 2005
Published in print: Jun 2005

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Carrie S. Sturts, M.ASCE
P.E.
Engineer, Exponent Failure Analysis Associates, 15375 SE 30th Pl., Bellevue, WA 98007.
F. H. (Bud) Griffis, F.ASCE
P.E.
Provost and VP for Academic Affairs, Polytechnic Univ., Brooklyn, New York 11201.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share