TECHNICAL PAPERS
May 1, 1998

Resource Leveling of Linear Schedules Using Integer Linear Programming

Publication: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 124, Issue 3

Abstract

Since the early 1960s many techniques have been developed to plan and schedule linear construction projects. However, one, the critical path method (CPM), overshadowed the others. As a result, CPM developed into the powerful and effective tool that it is today. However, research has indicated that CPM is ineffective for linear construction. Linear construction projects are typified by activities that must be repeated in different locations such as highways, pipelines, and tunnels. Recently, there has been renewed interest in linear scheduling. Much of this interest has involved a technique called the linear scheduling method (LSM). Only recently has there been the ability to calculate the controlling activities of a linear schedule, independent of network analysis. Additional research needs to be done to develop some of the techniques available in CPM into comparable ones for linear scheduling. One of these techniques is resource leveling. This paper uses the vehicle of a highway construction project to present an integer linear programming formulation to level the resources of linear projects.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Adrian, J. J. (1976). Quantitative methods in construction management. American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York, N.Y.
2.
Ahuja, H. N. (1976). Construction performance control by networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
3.
Antill, J. M., and Woodhead, R. W. (1990). Critical path methods in construction practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
4.
Bafna, T. (1991). “Extending the range of linear scheduling in highway construction,” Master's thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Virginia Polytechnic Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, Va.
5.
Bandelloni, M., Tucci, M., and Rinaldi, R.(1994). “Optimal resource leveling using non-serial dynamic programming.”Eur. J. Op. Res., 78, 162–177.
6.
Burgess, A. R., and Killebrew, J. B.(1962). “Variation in activity level on a cyclical arrow diagram.”J. Indust. Engrg., 13(2), 76–83.
7.
Chrzanowski, E. N., and Jr., and Johnston(1986). “Application of linear construction.”J. Constr. Engrg., ASCE, 112(4), 476–491.
8.
Clough, R. H., and Sears, G. A. (1979). Construction project management, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
9.
Cole, L. J. R.(1991). “Construction scheduling: Principles, practices, and six case studies.”J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 117(4), 579–588.
10.
Constructor. (1993). 76(6). Associated General Contractors of America, Washington, D.C.
11.
Dubey, A. (1993). “Resource leveling and linear construction,” Master's thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
12.
Easa, S. M.(1989). “Resource leveling in construction by optimization.”J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 115(2), 302–316.
13.
Gorman, J. E.(1972). “How to get visual impact on planning drawings.”Roads and Streets, 115(8), 74–75.
14.
Halpin, D. W., and Riggs, L. S. (1992). Planning and analysis of construction operations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
15.
Halpin, D. W., and Woodhead, R. W. (1980). Construction management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
16.
Harmelink, D. J. (1995). “Linear scheduling model: The development of a linear scheduling model with microcomputer applications for highway construction control,” PhD thesis, Iowa State Univ., Ames, Iowa.
17.
Harris, R. B. (1996). “Scheduling projects with repeating activities,”UMCEE Rep. No. 96-26, Civ. and Envir. Engrg. Dept., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
18.
Harris, R. B.(1990). “Packing method for resource leveling (pack).”J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 116(2), 331–350.
19.
Harris, R. B. (1978). Precedence and arrow networking techniques for construction. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
20.
Herbsman, Z. J. (1987). “Evaluation of scheduling techniques for highway construction projects.”Transp. Res. Rec. 1126, 110–120.
21.
Johnston, D. W. (1981). Linear scheduling method for highway construction.” J. Constr. Div., ASCE, 107(2), 247–261.
22.
Martinez, J., and Ioannou, P. (1993). “Resource leveling based on the modified minimum moment heuristic.”Proc., 5th Int. Conf., Computing in Civ. and Bldg. Engrg., ASCE, Reston, Va., 287–294.
23.
Mattila, K. G. (1997). “Resource leveling of linear schedules: A mathematical approach using integer linear programming,” PhD thesis, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind.
24.
Moder, J. J., Phillips, C. R., and Davis, E. W. (1983). Project management with CPM, PERT and precedence diagramming. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, N.Y.
25.
Peer, S.(1974). “Network analysis and construction planning.”J. Constr. Div., ASCE, 100(3), 203–210.
26.
Popescu, C. M. (1976). “How to use CPM in practice. Part II: Resources.” Univ. of Texas at Austin.
27.
Rahbar, F. F., and Rowings, J. E. (1992). “Repetitive activity scheduling process.”Trans. Am. Assn. of Cost Engrs., 2, 0.5.1–0.5.8.
28.
Reda, R. M.(1990). “RPM: Repetitive project modeling.”J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 116(2), 316–330.
29.
“Solver suite: Lindo, lingo, what's best.” (1995). Lindo Systems Inc., Chicago, Ill.
30.
Stradel, O., and Cacha, J.(1982). “Time space scheduling method.”J. Constr. Div., ASCE, 108(3), 445–457.
31.
Suhail, S. A., and Neale, R. H.(1994). “CPM/LOB: New methodology to integrate CPM and line of balance.”J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 120(3), 667–684.
32.
Takamoto, M., Yamada, N., Kobayashi, Y., Nonaka, H., and Okoshi, S.(1995). “Zero-one Quadratic programming algorithm for resource leveling of manufacturing process schedules.”Systems and Computers in Japan, 26(10), 68–76.
33.
Tavakoli, A., and Riachi, R.(1990). “CPM use in ENR top 400 contractors.”J. Mgmt. in Engrg., ASCE, 6(3), 282–295.
34.
Vorster, M. C., and Bafna, T.(1992). “Discussion of `Formal development of line-of-balance technique' by Z. M. Al Sarraj.”J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 118(1), 210–211.
35.
Vorster, M. C., Beliveau, Y. J., and Bafna, T. (1992). “Linear scheduling and visualization.”Transp. Res. Rec. 1351, 32–39.
36.
Vorster, M. C., and Parvin, C. M. (1990). “Linear scheduling for highway contractors and state DOTs.” P & W Publications, Inc., Richmond, Va. [videotapes].
37.
Wagner, H. M., Giglio, R. J., and Glaser, R. G.(1964). “Preventive maintenance scheduling by mathematical programming.”Mgmt. Sci., 10(2), 316–334.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 124Issue 3May 1998
Pages: 232 - 244

History

Published online: May 1, 1998
Published in print: May 1998

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Kris G. Mattila
Asst. Prof., Michigan Technological Univ., Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., 112 Dillman Hall, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295. E-mail: [email protected].
Dulcy M. Abraham
Asst. Prof., Purdue Univ., Div. of Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., School of Civ. Engrg., 1294 Civ. Engrg. Bldg., West Lafayette, IN 47907-1294. E-mail: [email protected].

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share