Influence of Hydropower Propellers on Open-Channel Flow
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 11
Abstract
A streamflow velocity field affected by hydropower prototype propellers was investigated using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) at an open channel flowing in the Adige River floodplain, Italy. Characterizing turbulent coherent structures using the ADCP is difficult because of (1) instrumental low acquisition frequency; (2) the monostatic configuration, which relies on a layer homogeneity assumption; and (3) the lack of stable deployment of the instrument from a drifting platform. These ADCP features frequently result in velocity vector contamination at the scale of the diverging beams’ distance. ADV pointwise measurement overcomes these limitations by relying on a higher acquisition frequency and a bistatic principle, but its application usually is limited to shallow flows. Coupling of mono- and bistatic measurements provided velocity field maps which elucidated the coherent structures laying in the cross-section plane, and velocity time series that corroborated information close to boundaries at 10-Hz acquisition frequency. Recirculating flow structures triggered by the shape of the Biffis Channel were exacerbated in the wake of operating propellers, although the observed maximal amplitude of velocity oscillation was unchanged. The difference among concurrent estimations of vertical velocity provided by the ADCP’s redundant transducer (i.e., the error velocity) was on the order of the velocity standard deviation of time and lower than the assessed velocity secondary components, which validated the observed flow structures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data and written code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Eng. Vittorio Betti and Eng. Massimiliano Vialli for logistics and assistance during field works, and for the meaningful discussion about the operating hydropower propellers. Grateful thanks are given to HE Powergreen personnel for their assistance in operating the propeller arrays during the deployment of the ADCP and the ADV. This research has been partially supported by the contract R/D/0183/11/21 between HE Powergreen and Consorzio Futuro in Ricerca, and by the contract rep. 102/2019 between HE Powergreen and the Engineering Department of the University of Ferrara.
References
Abad, J. D., B. L. Rhoads, I. Güneralp, and M. H. García. 2008. “Flow structure at different stages in a meander-bend with bendway weirs.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 134 (8): 1052–1063. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:8(1052).
Aberle, J., C. Rennie, D. Admiraal, and M. Muste. 2017. “Experimental hydraulics: Methods, instrumentation, data processing and management. Volume II: Instrumentation and measurement techniques.” In IAHR Monographs. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Bendat, J. S., and A. G. Piersol. 2000. Random data: Analysis and measurement procedures. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley.
Blanckaert, K., and U. Lemmin. 2006. “Means of noise reduction in acoustic turbulence measurements.” J. Hydraul. Res. 44 (1): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2006.9521657.
Conevski, S., R. Aleixo, M. Guerrero, and N. Ruther. 2020. “Bedload velocity and backscattering strength from mobile sediment bed: A laboratory investigation comparing bistatic versus monostatic acoustic configuration.” Water 12 (12): 3318. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123318.
Conevski, S., M. Guerrero, N. Ruther, and C. Rennie. 2019. “Laboratory investigation of the apparent bedload velocity measured by ADCPs under different transport conditions.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 145 (11): 04019036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001632.
Da Silva, A. M., and M. S. Yalin. 2017. “Fluvial processes.” In IAHR monographs. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Deng, S., J. Xia, M. Zhou, Z. Li, G. Duan, J. Shen, and K. Blanckaert. 2021. “Secondary flow and flow redistribution in two sharp bends on the middle Yangtze River.” Water Resour. Res. 57 (10): e2020WR028534. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028534.
European Commission. 2019. “Communication from the commission to the European Parliament.” Accessed December 11, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_19_6691.
García, C. M., M. I. Cantero, Y. Niño, and A. M. García. 2005. “Turbulence measurements with acoustic Doppler velocimeters.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 131 (12): 1062–1073. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:12(1062).
Goring, D. G., and V. I. Nikora. 2002. “Despiking acoustic Doppler velocimeter data.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 128 (1): 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:1(117).
Guerrero, M., and A. Lamberti. 2011. “Flow field and morphology mapping using ADCP and multibeam techniques: Survey in the Po River.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 137 (12): 1576–1587. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000464.
Gunawan, B., V. Neary, and J. McNutt. 2011. ORNL ADV post-processing guide and MATLAB algorithms for MHK site flow and turbulence analysis. Washington, DC: DOE.
Huang, H. 2018. “A modified Simpson model for estimating random uncertainty of moving-boat ADCP streamflow measurements.” Flow Meas. Instrum. 61 (Jun): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2018.03.002.
Nezu, I., and H. Nakagawa. 1993. Turbulence in open channel flows. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema.
Nikora, I. V., and G. D. Goring. 1998. “ADV measurements of turbulence: Can we improve their interpretation?” J. Hydraul. Eng. 124 (6): 630–634. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:6(630).
Nystrom, E. A., C. R. Rehmann, and A. K. Oberg. 2007. “Evaluation of mean velocity and turbulence measurements with ADCPs.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 133 (12): 1310–1318. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1310).
Papanicolaou, A. N., P. Diplas, C. L. Dancey, and M. Balakrishnan. 2001. “Surface roughness effects in near-bed turbulence: Implications to sediment entrainment.” J. Eng. Mech. 127 (3): 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2001)127:3(211).
Parsons, D. R., P. R. Jackson, J. A. Czuba, F. L. Engel, B. L. Rhoads, K. A. Oberg, J. L. Best, D. S. Mueller, K. K. Johnson, and J. D. Riley. 2013. “Velocity Mapping Toolbox (VMT): A processing and visualization suite for moving-vessel ADCP measurements.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms 38 (11): 1244–1260. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3367.
RD Instruments. 2011. “Acoustic Doppler current profiler principles of operation.” A Practical Primer. Accessed August 20, 2023. https://www.teledynemarine.com/en-us/support/SiteAssets/RDI/Manuals%20and%20Guides/General%20Interest/BBPRIME.pdf.
Roussinova, V., R. Balachandar, and N. Biswas. 2009. “Reynolds stress anisotropy in open-channel flow.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 135 (10): 812–824. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000076.
Roy, A., T. Buffin-Bélanger, H. Lamarre, and A. Kirkbride. 2004. “Size, shape and dynamics of large-scale turbulent flow structures in a gravel-bed river.” J. Fluid Mech. 500: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112003006396.
Rozovskii, I. L. 1961. Flow of water in bends of open channels. Kyiv, Ukraine: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Schnauder, I., C. Anlanger, and K. Koll. 2022. “Wake flow patterns and turbulence around naturally deposited and installed trees in a gravel bed river.” Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 107 (1–2): 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.202102096.
Strom, K. B., and A. N. Papanicolaou. 2007. “ADV measurements around a cluster microform in a shallow mountain stream.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 133 (12): 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1379).
Sturm, T. W. 2010. Open channel hydraulics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sukhodolov, A., M. Thiele, and H. Bungartz. 1998. “Turbulence structure in a river reach with sand bed.” Water Resour. Res. 34 (5): 1317–1334. https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00269.
Vermeulen, B., M. G. Sassi, and A. J. Hoitink. 2014. “Improved flow velocity estimates from moving-boat ADCP measurements.” Water Resour. Res. 50 (5): 4186–4196. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015152.
Wu, J., A. Nichols, A. Krynkin, and M. Croft. 2022. “Objective phase-space identification of coherent turbulent structures in 1D time series data.” J. Hydraul. Res. 60 (5): 811–825. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2064344.
Yen, B. C. 1992. “Dimensionally homogeneous Manning’s formula.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 118 (9): 1326–1332. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:9(1326).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 15, 2022
Accepted: May 31, 2023
Published online: Sep 12, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Feb 12, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Acoustics
- Channel flow
- Channels (waterway)
- Detection methods
- Doppler systems
- Energy engineering
- Energy sources (by type)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Equipment and machinery
- Field tests
- Flow (fluid dynamics)
- Flow measurement
- Fluid dynamics
- Fluid mechanics
- Fluid velocity
- Hydraulic engineering
- Hydraulic structures
- Hydro power
- Hydrologic engineering
- Measurement (by type)
- Measuring instruments
- Methodology (by type)
- Open channel flow
- Open channels
- Renewable energy
- Tests (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Waterways
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.