Immobilization of Lead, Tungsten, and Phosphate by Steel Slag Fines: Metals Thresholding and Rate Studies
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 18, Issue 3
Abstract
This study presents an evaluation of 9.5-mm minus steel slag fines (SSF) to immobilize lead (Pb), tungsten (W), and phosphate (P as ) at total contaminant dosing concentrations of (W, ) and (Pb), as a potential new construction material for firing-range backstop berms (or treating firing-range soils). Direct contaminant uptake and kinetic rate, rerelease, and mineralogical studies were undertaken for metal loadings totaling up to six combinations of Pb, W, and . Batch rate studies showed that of Pb and W were removed from aqueous solution within 2 h in the presence of the SSF media. For equivalent aqueous doses of (W, ) and (Pb), the TCLP-Pb concentrations for all multielement suites were , which is much less than the TCLP-Pb criterion of . For the P-Pb-W suite (all three contaminants present simultaneously), the SPLP-W concentrations () were lower than the TCLP-W concentrations () regardless of dose. Leached phosphate concentrations from the P-Pb-W suite were below or hovered at the detection limit () under SPLP and TCLP conditions, respectively. A mineralogical evaluation revealed that lead pyromorphite [] and scheelite [] were the key -containing, Pb-containing, and W-containing phases.
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Acknowledgments
Phoenix Services, LLC (Terry Wagaman) provided the resources and the steel slag media to support this research to Schnabel Engineering, LLC (West Chester, PA), the prior affiliation of Dr. Grubb. The experimental work was conducted at W. M. Keck Geoenvironmental Laboratory at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, the prior affliations of Drs. Jagupilla and Wazne and Mr. Cummings. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the project sponsors.
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Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 18 • Issue 3 • July 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 11, 2013
Accepted: Aug 7, 2013
Published online: Feb 19, 2014
Published in print: Jul 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Jul 19, 2014
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