High‐Performance Computing in Structural Mechanics and Engineering
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 6, Issue 3
Abstract
Recent advances in computer hardware and software have made multiprocessing a viable and attractive technology. This paper reviews high‐performance computing methods in structural mechanics and engineering through the use of a new generation of multiprocessor computers. The paper presents an overview of vector pipelining, performance metrics for parallel and vector computers, programming languages, and general programming considerations. Recent developments in the application of concurrent processing techniques to the solution of structural mechanics and engineering problems are reviewed, with special emphasis on linear structural analysis, nonlinear structural analysis, transient structural analysis, dynamics of multibody flexible systems, and structural optimization.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Adeli, H., and Vishnubhotla, P. (1987). “Parallel processing.” Microcomput. in Civ. Engrg., 2(3), 257–269.
2.
Adeli, H., and Hsu, H. L. (1991). “A microtasking algorithm for optimization of structures.” Int. J. Supercomput. Applications, 5(2), 81–90.
3.
Adeli, H., and Kamal, O. (1989). “Parallel structural analysis using threads.” Microcomput. in Civ. Engrg., 4(2), 133–147.
4.
Adeli, H., and Kamal, O. (1990). “Parallel strategems for optimization of large structural systems.” Proc., IEEE Int. Conf. on Systems Engrg., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 21–24.
5.
Adeli, H., and Kamal, O. (1992a). “Concurrent optimization of large structures. Part I: Algorithms.” J. Aerosp. Engrg., ASCE, 5(1), 79–90.
6.
Adeli, H., and Kamal, O. (1992b). “Concurrent optimization of large structures. Part II: Applications.” J. Aerosp. Engrg., ASCE, 5(2), 91–110.
7.
Adeli, H., and Vishnubhotla, P. (1992). “Parallel machines.” Parallel processing in computational mechanics, H. Adeli, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y., 1–20.
8.
ADINA manuals. (1978). ADINA R and D Inc., Watertown, Mass.
9.
Albert, E., Lukas, J. D., Steele, G. L., Jr., and Jaja, J. (1990). “Data parallel computers and the FORALL statement.” 3rd Symp. on the Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation, Los Alamitos, Calif., 390–396.
10.
Analyse der Structures par Elements Finis (SAMCEF): Manuel d' Utilisation. (1983). LTAS, Univ. of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
11.
Avriel, M. (1976). Nonlinear programming—Analysis and methods. Prentice‐Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
12.
Barragy, E., and Carey, G. F. (1988). “A parallel EBE solution scheme.” Int. J. Numer. Methods in Engrg., 26, 2367–2382.
13.
Bathe, K. J. (1989). Finite element procedure in engineering analysis. Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
14.
Bennighof, J. K., and Wu, J. (1990). “Formulation of the independent subdomain response method for parallel transient computation.” 31st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC SDM Conf., ASCE, New York, N.Y.
15.
Bodley, C., Devers, A., Park, A., and Frisch, H. (1978). “A digital computer program for dynamic interaction and simulation of controls and structures (DISCOS).” NASA TP 1219, Nat. Aeronautics and Space Admin., Washington, D.C.
16.
Bostic, S. W., and Fulton, R. E. (1987). “Implementation of Lanczos method for structural vibration analysis.” Comput. and Struct., 25, 395–403.
17.
Brusa, L., and Ricio, F. (1989). “Frontal technique for vector computers.” Int. J. Numer. Methods in Engrg., 28.
18.
Calahan, D. A., and Ames, W. G. (1979). “Vector processors: Models and applications.” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, 715–726.
19.
Chiang, K‐N., and Fulton, R. E. (1988). “Nonlinear dynamic analysis for parallel computers.” Microcomputers to supercomputers (Proc., 5th Conf. Comput. in Civ. Engrg.), ASCE, 144–158.
20.
Cramer, S. M., and Goodman, J. R. (1983). “Modeling material failure with a vectorized routine.” Proc., CYBER 200 Applications Seminar (NASA Conf. Publication 2295), Nat. Aeronautics and Space Admin., 259–271.
21.
Darbhamulla, S. P., Razzaq, Z., and Storaasli, O. O. (1987). “Concurrent processing for nonlinear analysis of hollow rectangular structural sections.” Engrg. with Comput., 2, 209–217.
22.
Darbhamulla, S. P., Razzaq, Z., and Storaasli, O. O. (1988). “Concurrent processing in nonlinear column stability.” Engrg. with Comput., 4, 157–164.
23.
Doltsinis, I. S., and Nolting, S. (1991). “Studies on parallel processing for coupled field problems.” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 89, 497–521.
24.
El‐Sayed, M. E. M., and Hsiung, C. K. (1991). “Optimum structural design with parallel finite element analysis.” Comput. and Struct., 40(6), 1469–1474.
25.
Erdman, A. G., Sandor, G. N., and Oakberg, R. G. (1972). “A general method for kineto‐elastodynamic analysis and synthesis of mechanisms.” J. Engrg. for Industry, 1193–1205.
26.
Farhat, C., Wilson, E., and Powell, G. (1987). “Solution of finite element systems on concurrent processing computers.” Engrg. with Comput., 2, 157–165.
27.
Farhat, C., and Wilson, E. L. (1987). “A new finite element concurrent computer program architecture.” Int. J. Numer. Methods in Engrg., 24, 1771–1792.
28.
Farhat, C. (1989). “Computational strategies for finite element simulations on supercomputers with 4 to 65,536 processors.” Struct. Congress '89, ASCE, 177–186.
29.
Flynn, M. J. (1966). “Very high speed computing systems.” Proc., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 54, 1901–1909.
30.
Fulton, R. E. (1986). “An F.E. machine: An assesment of the impact of parallel computing on future finite element computations.” Finite Elem. Anal. and Design, 2, 83–98.
31.
Gluck, R. (1986). “Hope for simulating flexible spacecraft.” Aerosp. Am., 24, 40–44.
32.
Goehlich, D., Komzsik, L., and Fulton, R. E. (1989). “Application of a parallel equation solver to static FEM problems.” Comput. and Struct., 31, 121–129.
33.
Haug, E. J., Mani, N. K., and Krishnaswami, P. (1984). “Design sensitivity analysis and optimization of dynamically driven systems.” Computer aided analysis and optimization of mechanical system dynamics, E. J. Haug, ed., Springer‐Verlag, Berlin, West Germany, 555–602.
34.
Haug, E. J. (1984). “Elements and methods of computational dynamics.” Computer aided analysis and optimization of mechanical system dynamics, E. J. Haug, eds., Springer‐Verlag, Berlin, West Germany, 3–37.
35.
Henno, A., Moore, S., O'Neil, E., and Tenenbaum, E. (1987). “Finite element analysis on the BBN‐Butterfly.” Comput. and Struct., 27, 13–21.
36.
Herendeen, D. L. (1988). “Parallel processing and FEM: Fulfilling the promise.” Finite Elem. Anal. and Design, 4, 193–202.
37.
Ho, J. Y. L. (1977). “Direct path method for flexible multibody spacecraft dynamics.” J. Spacecraft, 14, 102–110.
38.
Hockney, R. W., and Jesshope, C. R. (1983). Parallel computers. Adam Hilger Ltd., Bristol, Great Britain.
39.
Hooker, W. W. (1975). “Equations of motion for interconnected rigid and elastic bodies: A derivation independent of angular momentum.” Celestial Mech., 11, 337–359.
40.
Hutchinson, S., Hensel, E., Castillo, S., and Dulton, K. (1991). “The finite element solution of elliptical systems on a data parallel computer.” Int. J. Numer. Methods in Engrg., 32, 347–362.
41.
Kamal, O., and Adeli, H. (1990). “Automatic partitioning of frame structures for concurrent processing.” Microcomput. in Civ. Engrg., 5(4), 269–283.
42.
Kurdila, A., and Kamat, M. P. (1990). “Concurrent multiprocessing for calculating null space and range bases for multibody simulation.” AIAA J., 28(7), 1224–1232.
43.
Lesoinne, M., Farhat, C., and Geradin, M. (1991). “Parallel/vector improvements of the frontal method.” Int. J. Numer. Methods in Engrg., 32, 1267–1281.
44.
Levesque, J. M., and Williamson, J. W. (1989). A guidebook to Fortran on supercomputers. Academic Press Inc., New York, N.Y.
45.
Noor, A. K., and Fulton, R. E. (1983). “Impact of new computing systems on finite element computations.” Impact on new computing systems on computational mechanics, Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrg., New York, N.Y.
46.
Noor, A. K., and Peters, J. M. (1989). “A partitioning strategy for efficient nonlinear finite element dynamic analysis.” Comput. and Struct., 31, 795–810.
47.
Norrie, D. H., and Norrie, C. I. W. (1986). “Program structure and architecture for a finite element machine.” Int. J. Numer. Methods in Engrg., 22, 241–248.
48.
Nour‐Omid, B., and Ortiz, M. (1989). “A family of concurrent algorithms for transient finite element solutions.” Struct. Congress, ASCE.
49.
Ortiz, M., Nour‐Omid, B., and Stelino, E. D. (1988). “Accuracy of class of concurrent algorithms for transient finite element analysis.” Int. J. Numer. Methods in Engrg., 26, 379–391.
50.
Ortiz, M., and Nour‐Omid, B. (1986). “Unconditionally stable concurrent procedures for transient finite element analysis.” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 58, 151–174.
51.
Padovan, J., and Kwang, A. (1991). “Hierarchially parallelized constrained nonlinear equation solvers with automated substructuring.” Comput. and Struct., 41(1), 7–33.
52.
Putnam, B., Shirey, G., and Seaman, D. (1985). “CYBER 205 performance programming.” 20 Vector, Purdue Univ. Comput. Ctr., West Lafayette, Ind.
53.
Rajan, S. D., and Bhatti, M. A. (1983). “Data management in FEM based optimization software.” Comput. and Struct., 16, 317–325.
54.
Schmidt, R. J., and Horning, D. T. (1991). “Development in multiprocessor scheduling.” Microcomput. in Civ. Engrg., 6.
55.
Storaasli, O., Ransom, J., and Fulton, R. E. (1987). “Structural dynamic analysis on a parallel computer: The finite element machine.” Comput. and Struct., 26, 551–559.
56.
Sun, C. T., and Chein, L. S. (1989). “Parallel processing techniques for finite element analysis of nonlinear large truss structures.” Comput. and Struct., 31.
57.
Sun, C. T., and Mao, K. M. (1988). “A global‐local finite element method suitable for parallel computations.” Comput. and Struct., 29, 309–315.
58.
Utku, S., and Salama, M. (1986). “Parallel solution of closely coupled systems.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Engrg., 23, 2177–2186.
59.
Valunchene, R. D., Lee, R. H., and Meyers, V. J. (1986). “Large scale finite element analysis on a vector processor.” Comput. and Struct., 24, 625–635.
60.
Venkayya, V. B., Calahan, D. A., Summers, P. M., and Tischler, V. A. (1983). “Structural optimization on vector processors.” Impact of new computing systems on computational mechanics, Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrg., New York, N.Y.
61.
Vishnubhotla, P., and Adeli, H. (1992). “Parallel programming languages and techniques.” Parallel processing in computational mechanics, H. Adeli, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y., 21–32.
62.
Weber, P., Grob, L., Koncke, A., Sterencker, P., Brandel, B., and Schonauer, W. (1991). “The finite element method on vector processors.” Comput. and Struct., 40(2), 223–235.
63.
Winget, J. M., and Hughes, T. J. R. (1985). “Solution algorithms for nonlinear transient heat conduction analysis employing EBE iterative strategies.” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 711–815.
64.
Zucchini, A., and Mukherjee, S. (1991). “Vectorial and parallel processing in stress analysis with the boundary element method.” Int. J. Numer. Methods in Engrg., 31, 307–317.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 6 • Issue 3 • July 1993
Pages: 249 - 267
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 10, 1991
Published online: Jul 1, 1993
Published in print: Jul 1993
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.