TECHNICAL PAPERS
Oct 1, 1983

River Ice Jams: Theory, Case Studies, and Applications

Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 109, Issue 10

Abstract

The theory of river ice jams, as developed by several investigators over the past two decades, is reviewed and two methods for analyzing case studies are developed. The first method is based on a dimensionless equation that relates measurable ice jam characteristics. The second method compensates for the lack of measured thickness values for breakup jams by introducing a relationship between the hydraulic roughness and the thickness of a jam, based on data by others with respect to freeze up jams. These two methods of analysis are subsequently applied to several case studies performed in recent years by the writer and others. The results support the theory and at the same time show satisfactory consistency in the respective values of various coefficients obtained by the two methods. Procedures for practical application of the present results are outlined and assessed by means of examples.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Beltaos, S., “Field Investigations of River Ice Jams,” Proceedings, International Association for Hydraulic Research, Symposium on Ice Problems, Lulea, Sweden, Part 2, 1978, pp. 357–371.
2.
Beltaos, S., “Flow Resistance of Fragmented Ice Covers (Ice Jams),” Proceedings, Canadian Hydrology Symposium: 79, Vancouver, May, 1979, pp. 93–126.
3.
Berdennikov, V. P., “Dynamic Conditions of Formation of Ice Jams on Rivers,” Soviet Hydrology, Selected Papers, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 1964, pp. 101–108.
4.
Calkins, D. J., “Physical Measurements of River Ice Jams,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 4, No. 4, Aug., 1978, pp. 693–695.
5.
Calkins, D. J., and Müller, A., “Measurement of the Shear Stress on the Underside of Simulated Ice Covers,” U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Report 80‐24, Hanover, N.H., Oct., 1980.
6.
Doyle, P. F., “1977 Breakup and Subsequent Ice Jam at Fort McMurray,” Internal Report SWE‐77‐01, Transportation and Surface Water Engineering Division, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Canada, 1977.
7.
Doyle, P. F., and Andres, D. D., “1978 Breakup in the Vicinity of Fort McMurray and Investigation of Two Athabasca River Ice Jams,” Internal Report SWE‐78‐05, Transportation and Surface Water Engineering Division, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Canada, 1978.
8.
Doyle, P. F., and Andres, D. D., “1979 Spring Breakup and Ice Jamming on the Athabasca River Near Fort McMurray,” Internal Report SWE‐79‐05, Transportation and Surface Water Engineering Division, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Canada, 1979.
9.
Gerard, R., “Preliminary Observations of Spring Ice Jams in Alberta,” Proceedings, International Association for Hydraulic Research Symposium on Ice Problems, Hanover, N.H., 1975, pp. 261–276.
10.
Kellerhals, R., Neill, C. R., and Bray, D. I., “Hydraulic and Geomorphic Characteristics of Rivers in Alberta,” River Engineering and Surface Hydrology Report 72‐1, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Canada, 1972.
11.
Kennedy, R. J., “Forces Involved in Pulpwood Holding Grounds—I. Transverse Holding Grounds with Piers,” The Engineering Journal, Engineering Institute of Canada, Vol. 41, Jan., 1958, pp. 58–68.
12.
Lau, Y. L., “Velocity Distributions Under Floating Covers,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, March, 1982, pp. 76–83.
13.
Limerinos, J. T., “Determination of the Manning Coefficient from Measured Bed Roughness in Natural Channels,” USGS Water Supply Paper 1898‐B, Washington, D.C., 1970.
14.
Merino, M. P., “Internal Shear Strength of Floating, Fragmented Ice,” thesis presented to the University of Iowa, at Iowa City, Iowa, in 1974, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
15.
Nezhikovskiy, R. A., “Coefficients of Roughness of Bottom Surface on Slush‐Ice Cover,” Soviet Hydrology, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 1964, pp. 127–150.
16.
Pariset, E., and Hausser, R., “Formation and Evolution of Ice Covers on Rivers,” Transactions of Engineering Institute of Canada, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1961, pp. 41–49.
17.
Pariset, E., Hausser, R., and Gagnon, A., “Formation of Ice Covers and Ice Jams in Rivers,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 92, No. HY6, 1966, pp. 1–24.
18.
Sayre, W. W., and Sang, G. B., “Effects of Ice Covers on Alluvial Channel Flow and Sediment Transport Processes,” Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research Report No. 218, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 1979.
19.
Tatinclaux, J. C., “Equilibrium Thickness of Ice Jams,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. HY9, Proc. Paper 13179, Sept., 1977, pp. 959–974.
20.
Tatinclaux, J. C., and Cheng, S. T., “Characteristics of River Ice Jams,” Proceedings, International Association for Hydraulic Research Symposium on Ice Problems, Part 2, Lulea, Sweden, Aug., 1978, pp. 461–475.
21.
Uzuner, M. S., and Kennedy, J. F., “Hydraulics and Mechanics of River Ice Jams,” Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, Report No. 161, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, May, 1974.
22.
Uzuner, M. S., and Kennedy, J. F., “Theoretical Model of River Ice Jams,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. HY9, Proc. Paper 12412, Sept., 1976, pp. 1365–1383.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 109Issue 10October 1983
Pages: 1338 - 1359

History

Published online: Oct 1, 1983
Published in print: Oct 1983

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Spyridon Beltaos
Research Scientist, Environmental Hydr. Section, Hydr. Div., National Water Research Inst., Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario; formerly Research Officer, Alberta Research Council, Edmonton, Canada

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share