Study of Time-Domain Techniques for Modal Parameter Identification of a Long Suspension Bridge with Dense Sensor Arrays
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 135, Issue 7
Abstract
While numerous studies have been published concerning the application of a variety of system identification techniques in conjunction with vibration measurements from civil infrastructure systems, there is a paucity of publications addressing the influence of algorithm-specific control parameters that impact the correct and efficient application of the selected identification scheme. Furthermore, as dense sensor arrays become widely accessible in civil infrastructure applications, voluminous amounts of multichannel data streams are becoming available for processing, thus imposing new demands on identification procedures regarding high-dimensionality (in both the spatial as well as the temporal domains) requirements that may render some methods inapplicable if careful attention is not paid to practical implementation issues. This paper provides a comprehensive study of three time-domain identification algorithms applied in conjunction with the Natural Excitation Technique in order to extract the modal parameters of a newly constructed long-span bridge that was monitored, in its virgin state, over a relatively long period of time with a state-of-the-art dense sensor array. The three methods used are: the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA), the ERA with data correlations, and the least squares algorithm. One of the critical issues in the mentioned algorithms, is selection of the reference degree-of-freedom (DOF). Previous experiences have shown that one cannot rely on a single reference DOF for identification of all modes. Consequently, the aforementioned identification formulations were modified to include multiple reference DOF, simultaneously, or one at a time. An autonomous algorithm was presented to distinguish the genuine structural modes from spurious noise or computational modes. Based on some parameter studies, some useful guidelines for the selection of critical user-selectable parameters are presented.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported in part by grants from the National Science FoundationNSF, the Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchUSAFOSR, and the National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA.
References
Bendat, J. S., and Piersol, A. G. (2000). Random data: Analysis and measurement procedures, Wiley, New York.
Caicedo, J. M., Dyke, S. J., and Johnson, E. A. (2004). “Natural excitation technique and eigensystem realization algorithm for phase I of the IASC-ASCE benchmark problem: Simulated data.” J. Eng. Mech., 130(1), 49–60.
Casciati, F., ed. (2002). Proc., 3rd World Conf. on Structural Control, Wiley, Como, Italy.
Chen, J., Xu, Y. L., and Zhang, R. C. (2004). “Modal parameter identification of Tsing Ma Suspension Bridge under Typhoon Victor: EMD-HT method.” J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 92, 805–827.
Conte, J. P., He, X., Moaveni, B., Masri, S. F., Caffrey, J. P., Wahbeh, M., Tasbihgoo, F., Whang, D. H., and Elgamal, A. (2006). “Dynamic testing of Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(6), 1006–1015.
Cooper, J. E., and Wright, J. R. (1992). “Spacecraft in-orbit identification using eigensystem realization methods.” J. Guid. Control Dyn., 15(2), 352–359.
Farrar, C. R., and James, G. H. (1997). “System identification from ambient vibration measurements on a bridge.” J. Sound Vib., 205(1), 1–18.
Farrar, C. R., and Jauregui, D. A. (1998). “Comparative study of damage identification algorithms applied to a bridge (Parts I and II).” Smart Mater. Struct., 7, 704–731.
He, X., et al. (2005). “System identification of New Carquinez Bridge using ambient vibration data.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures (EVACES 05), EVACES, Bordeaux, France.
He, X., Moaveni, B., Conte, J. P., and Elgamal, A. (2006). “Comparative study of system identification techniques applied to New Carquinez Bridge.” Proc., Int. 3rd Conf. on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS 2006), IABMAS, Porto, Portugal.
Housner, G. W., Masri, S. F., and Chassiakos, A., eds. (1994). Proc., 1st World Conf. on Structural Control, Civil Engineering Dept, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles.
IASCM. (2006). Proc., 4th World Conf. on Structural Control and Monitoring, IACSM, San Diego.
Ibrahim, S. R. (1978). “Modal confidence factor in vibration testing.” J. Spacecr. Rockets, 15(5), 313–316.
James, G. H., Carne, T. G., and Lauffer, J. P. (1993). “The natural excitation technique for modal parameter extraction from operating wind turbines.” Rep. No. SAND92-1666, UC-261, Sandia National Laboratories, Sandia, N.M.
James, G. H., Carne, T. G., and Mayes, R. L. (1996). “Modal parameter extraction from large operating structures using ambient excitation.” Proc., 14th Int. Modal Analysis Conf., IMAC, Dearborn, Mich.
Juang, J. N., Cooper, J. E., and Wright, J. R. (1988). “An eigensystem realization algorithm using data correlations (era/dc) for modal parameter identification.” Control Theory Adv. Technol., 4(1), 5–14.
Juang, J. N., and Pappa, R. S. (1985). “An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identification and model reduction.” J. Guid. Control Dyn., 8(5), 620–627.
Juang, J. N., and Pappa, R. S. (1986). “Effect of noise on modal parameters identified by the eigensystem realization algorithm.” J. Guid. Control Dyn., 9(3), 294–303.
Kobori, T., ed. (1998). Proc., 2nd World Conf. on Structural Control, Kyoto, Japan.
Lew, J. S., Juang, J. N., and Longman, R. W. (1993). “Comparison of several system identification methods for flexible structures.” J. Sound Vib., 167(3), 461–480.
Masri, S. F., Miller, R. K., Saud, A. F., and Caughey, T. K. (1987a). “Identification of non-linear vibrating structures. Part I: Formulation.” J. Appl. Mech., 54, 918–922.
Masri, S. F., Miller, R. K., Saud, A. F., and Caughey, T. K. (1987b). “Identification of non-linear vibrating structures. Part II: Applications.” J. Appl. Mech., 54, 923–929.
Nagayama, T., Abe, M., Fujuno, Y., and Ikeda, K. (2003). “Non-interative identification of nonproportionally damped system from ambient vibration measurement and analysis of dynamic properties of a long span suspension bridge.” J. Japan. Soc. Civ. Eng., 10(745), 155–169.
Nagayama, T., Abe, M., Fujino, Y., and Ikeda, K. (2005). “Structural identification of a nonproportionally damped system and its application to a full-scale suspension bridge.” J. Struct. Eng., 131(10), 1536–1545.
Nayeri, R. D., Masri, S. F., and Chassiakos, A. G. (2007). “Application of structural health monitoring techniques to track structural changes in a retrofitted building based on ambient vibration.” J. Eng. Mech., 133(12), 1311–1325.
Pappa, R. S., and Elliott, K. B. (1993). “Consistent-mode indicator for the eigensystem realization algorithm.” J. Guid. Control Dyn., 16(5), 852–858.
Pappa, R. S., James, G. H., and Zimmerman, D. C. (1998). “Autonomous modal identification of the space shuttle tail rudder.” J. Guid. Control Dyn., 35(2), 163–169.
Peeters, B., and Roeck, G. D. (2001). “Stochastic system identification for operational modal analysis: A review.” J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control, 123, 659–667.
Qin, Q., Li, H. B., and Qian, Z. (2001). “Modal identification of Tsing Ma Bridge by using improved eigensystem realization algorithm.” J. Sound Vib., 247(2), 325–341.
Siringoringo, D. M., and Fujino, Y. (2006). “System identification applied to long-span cable-supported bridges using seismic records.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 37(3), 361–386.
Smyth, A. W., Pei, J.-S., and Masri, S. F. (2003). “System identification of the Vincent Thomas Suspension Bridge using earthquake records.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32, 339–367.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 135 • Issue 7 • July 2009
Pages: 669 - 683
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 28, 2007
Accepted: Dec 23, 2008
Published online: Jun 15, 2009
Published in print: Jul 2009
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Erik A. Johnson
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.