Three-Dimensional Micromechanics-Based Constitutive Framework for Analysis of Pultruded Composite Structures
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 127, Issue 7
Abstract
A new 3D micromechanics-based framework is proposed for the nonlinear analysis of pultruded fiber-reinforced polymeric composites. The proposed 3D modeling framework is a nested multiscale approach that explicitly recognizes the response of the composite systems (layers) within the cross section of the pultruded member. These layers can have reinforcements in the form of roving, continuous filament mat (CFM), and/or woven fabrics. Different 3D micromechanical models for the layers can be used to recognize the basic response of the fiber and matrix materials. The framework is implemented with both shell and 3D finite elements. The 3D lamination theory is used to generate a homogenized nonlinear effective response for a through-thickness representative stacking sequence. The proposed modeling framework for pultruded composites is used to predict the stiffness and nonlinear stress-strain response of E-glass/vinylester pultruded materials reinforced with roving and CFM. The roving layer is idealized using a 3D nonlinear micromechanics model for a unidirectional fiber-reinforced material. A simple nonlinear micromechanics model for the CFM layer is also applied. The proposed model shows very good predictive capabilities of the overall effective properties and the nonlinear response of pultruded composites, based on the in situ material properties, and the volume fractions of the constituents. Experimental data from off-axis tests of pultruded plates under uniaxial compression are used to verify the proposed model. The proposed framework can be easily incorporated within displacement-based finite-element models of composite structures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Aboudi, J. ( 1991). Mechanics of composite materials—A unified micromechanical approach, Elsevier Science, New York.
2.
Bank, L., and Yin, J. (1999). “Failure of web-flanged junction in postbuckled pultruded I-beams.”J. Compos. for Constr., ASCE, 3(4), 177–184.
3.
Barbero, E. J. ( 1991). “Pultruded structural shapes—From the constituents to the structural behavior.” SAMPE J., 27, 25–30.
4.
Binshan, S. Y., Svenson, A. L., and Bank, L. C. ( 1995). “Mass and volume fraction properties of pultruded glass fibre composites.” Comp., 26, 725–731.
5.
Christensen, R. M., and Waals, F. M. ( 1972). “Effective stiffness of randomly oriented fibre composites.” J. Comp. Mat., 6, 518–532.
6.
Haj-Ali, R. M., and Pecknold, D. A. ( 1996). “Hierarchical material models with microstructure for nonlinear analysis of progressive damage in laminated composite structures.” Struct. Res. Ser. No. 611, UILU-ENG-96-2007, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill.
7.
Haj-Ali, R. M., Zureick, A. H., Kilic, M. H., and Steffen, R. ( 1998). “Micromechanics-based 3-D nonlinear analysis of pultruded composite structures.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Computational Engrg. Sci., ICES'98, Atluri, S. N. ed., 1526–1533.
8.
Herakovich, C. T., and Mirzadeh, F. ( 1991). “Properties of pultruded graphite/epoxy.” J. Reinforced Plastics and Compos., 10, 2–28.
9.
Luciano, R., and Barbero, E. J. ( 1994). “Formulate for the stiffness of composites with periodic microstructure.” Int. J. Solids and Struct., 31(21), 2933–2944.
10.
Mottram, J. T. ( 1992). “Lateral-torsional buckling of a pultruded I-beam.” Compos., 23(2), 81–92.
11.
Mottram, J. T. ( 1993). “Short and long term structural properties of pultruded beam assemblies fabricated using adhesive bonding.” Comp. and Struct., 25, 387–395.
12.
Pagano, N. J. ( 1974). “Exact moduli of anisotropic laminates.” Mechanics of composite materials, G. P. Sendeckyj, ed., Academic, San Diego, 23–44.
13.
Smith, S. J., Parsons, I. D., and Hjelmstad, K. D. ( 1998). “An experimental study of the behavior of connections for pultruded GFRPI-beams and rectangular tubes.” Comp. and Struct., 42, 281–290.
14.
Smith, S. J., Parsons, I. D., and Hjelmstad, K. D. (1999). “Finite element and simplified models of GFRP connections.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 125(7), 749–756.
15.
Sonti, S. S., and Barbero, E. ( 1996). “Material characterization of pultruded laminates and shapes.” J. Reinforced Plastics and Compos., 15, 701–717.
16.
Sun, C. T., and Li, S. ( 1988). “Three-dimensional effective elastic constants for thick laminates.” J. Comp. Mat., 22, 629–639.
17.
Tsai, S. W., and Pagano, N. J. ( 1968). “Invariant properties of composite materials.” Composite Materials Workshop, S. W. Tsai, J. C. Halpin, and N. J. Pagano, eds., Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, Pa., 233–253.
18.
Turvey, G. J. ( 1998). “Torsion tests on pultruded GRP sheet.” Comp. Sci. and Technol., 58, 1343–1351.
19.
Vakanier, A. R., Zureick, A., and Will, K. M. ( 1991). “Prediction of local flange buckling in pultruded shapes by finite element analysis.” Proc., Spec. Conf., Advanced Compos. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. Struct., ASCE, Material Engrg. Division, S. L. Iyer and R. Sen, eds., N.Y., 302– 312.
20.
Wang, Y., and Zureick, A. ( 1994). “Characterization of the longitudinal tensile behavior of pultruded I-shape structural members using coupon specimens.” Comp. and Struct., 29, 463–472.
21.
Zureick, A., Kahn, L. F., and Bandy B. J. ( 1995). “Tests on deep I-shape pultruded beams.” J. Reinforced Plastics and Compos., 14, 378–389.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Received: Mar 6, 2001
Published online: Jul 1, 2001
Published in print: Jul 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.