Comprehensive Impact Analysis of a Transportation Hub Complex under Earthquake Effects: A Case in China
Publication: Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 30, Issue 4
Abstract
The transportation hub complex (THC) is an urban landmark building integrating the functions of transportation, commerce, office, and residence. Due to its convenient transportation and diverse service functions, the THC has a certain agglomeration effect in its surrounding areas. Therefore, earthquake damage to the THC will not only affect its own functionality but also impact the connectivity of the regional transportation system, leading to socioeconomic losses in the agglomeration area. To assess the comprehensive impact of THC under earthquake effects, this article considers three aspects: transportation, society, and economy. In terms of the transportation aspect, the impact of the loss of hub function in the THC on the regional transportation system is assessed from three aspects: resource integration capability, radiation scale, and connection efficiency. Subsequently, the agglomeration area generated by the THC is determined based on the kernel density analysis method. The social impact of the THC on its agglomeration area involves three aspects: the reduction of population flow, number of closed shops, and loss of infrastructure resources. The economic impact is measured as the sum of direct and indirect economic losses. Finally, a case study is conducted on a city’s THC. The research results indicate that the discontinuation of a subway station in the THC has a greater impact on transportation, society, and the economy. Furthermore, compared with the social service function of the THC, ensuring the hub function after an earthquake can more effectively reduce indirect economic losses. This study can provide a basis for improving the seismic resilience of the THC from the perspectives of regional transportation and socioeconomy.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52038002).
References
Albert, R., H. Jeong, and A. L. Barabasi. 1999. “Internet—Diameter of the world-wide web.” Nature 401 (6749): 130–131. https://doi.org/10.1038/43601.
Anderson, T. K. 2009. “Kernel density estimation and -means clustering to profile road accident hotspots.” Accid. Anal. Prev. 41 (3): 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.12.014.
Argyroudis, S., J. Selva, P. Gehl, and K. Pitilakis. 2015. “Systemic seismic risk assessment of road networks considering interactions with the built environment.” Comput. Civ. Infrastruct. Eng. 30 (7): 524–540. https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12136.
Aydin, N., S. Seker, and B. Ozkan. 2022. “Planning location of mobility hub for sustainable urban mobility.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 81 (Jun): 103843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103843.
Bollinger, C. R., and K. R. Ihlanfeldt. 1997. “The impact of rapid rail transit on economic development: The case of Atlanta’s MARTA.” J. Urban Econ. 42 (2): 179–204. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1996.2020.
Chen, C., S. Wang, J. Zhang, and X. Gu. 2023. “Modeling the vulnerability and resilience of interdependent transportation networks under multiple disruptions.” J. Infrastruct. Syst. 29 (1): 04022043. https://doi.org/10.1061/JITSE4.ISENG-2185.
Chen, X., C. Xuan, and R. Qiu. 2021. “Understanding spatial spillover effects of airports on economic development: New evidence from China’s hub airports.” Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 143 (Sep): 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.11.013.
Cheng, M. 2016. “Research on seismic vulnerability of masonry structure.” Master’s thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an Univ. of Architecture and Technology.
Cong, Y., D. Yu, G. Li, Z. Dong, H. Zhang, and R. Wang. 2023. “Multi-level function loss and seismic resilience assessment method of urban complex.” J. Build. Struct. 44 (7): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2022.0155.
Credit, K. 2018. “Transit-oriented economic development: The impact of light rail on new business starts in the Phoenix, AZ Region, USA.” Urban Stud. 55 (13): 2838–2862. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017724119.
Dehnad, K. 1987. “Density estimation for statistics and data analysis.” Technometrics 29 (4): 495. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1987.10488295.
Ding, W., and J. Wu. 2023. “Interregional economic impacts of an extreme storm flood scenario considering transportation interruption: A case study of Shanghai, China.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 88 (Jan): 104296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104296.
Du, P. 2007. “Improvement for the calculating method of debris piling problem in the earthquake damage forecasting of the transportation system.” World Earthquake Eng. 23 (1): 161–164.
FEMA. 2012. Multi-hazard loss estimation methodology, earthquake model, hazus-MH 2.1, technical manual. Washington, DC: FEMA.
Feng, D., X. Shi, and F. G. Renaud. 2023. “Risk assessment for hurricane-induced pluvial flooding in urban areas using a GIS-based multi-criteria approach: A case study of Hurricane Harvey in Houston, USA.” Sci. Total Environ. 904 (Sep): 166891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166891.
Gardoni, P., A. Der Kiureghian, and K. M. Mosalam. 2002. “Probabilistic capacity models and fragility estimates for reinforced concrete columns based on experimental observations.” J. Eng. Mech. 128 (10): 1024–1038. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:10(1024).
Gardoni, P., K. M. Mosalam, and A. Der Kiureghian. 2003. “Probabilistic seismic demand models and fragility estimates for RC bridges.” J. Earthquake Eng. 7 (SPEC. 1): 79–106. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363246903001024.
Jing, Y., H. T. Hu, S. Y. Guo, X. Wang, and F. Q. Chen. 2021. “Short-term prediction of urban rail transit passenger flow in external passenger transport hub based on LSTM-LGB-DRS.” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 22 (7): 4611–4621. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2020.3017109.
Kizhakkedath, A., and K. Tai. 2021. “Vulnerability analysis of critical infrastructure network.” Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot. 35 (Dec): 100472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2021.100472.
Kothari, C., W. J. O’Brien, J. Jiao, and N. Khwaja. 2023. “Quantitative approach to assess social equity in road networks.” J. Infrastruct. Syst. 29 (4): 04023029. https://doi.org/10.1061/JITSE4.ISENG-2254.
Le, K. G., P. Liu, and L. T. Lin. 2020. “Determining the road traffic accident hotspots using GIS-based temporal-spatial statistical analytic techniques in Hanoi, Vietnam.” Geo-Spatial Inf. Sci. 23 (2): 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2019.1683437.
Lee, J. K. 2022. “New rail transit projects and land values: The difference in the impact of rail transit investment on different land types, values and locations.” Land Use Policy 112 (Jan): 105807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105807.
Lee, S. H., P. J. Kim, and H. Jeong. 2006. “Statistical properties of sampled networks.” Phys. Rev. E 73 (1): 2. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.73.016102.
Leephakpreeda, T. 2006. “A fuzzy linguistic interpretation of the golden section.” Fuzzy Sets Syst. 157 (17): 2412–2415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2005.11.023.
Li, F., X. X. He, Y. Zhang, C. C. Wang, J. Tang, and R. C. Sun. 2022. “Superposition risk assessment of the working position of gas explosions in Chinese coal mines.” Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 167 (Jan): 274–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.09.017.
Li, F., and C. K. Wyczalkowski. 2023. “How buses alleviate unemployment and poverty: Lessons from a natural experiment in Clayton, GA.” Urban Stud. 60 (13): 2632–2650. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231159569.
Li, Y., and M. Zhang. 2023. “Resilience assessment for streamline network of transportation hub complex based on service performance.” J. Infrastruct. Syst. 29 (2): 04023014. https://doi.org/10.1061/JITSE4.ISENG-2227.
Liang, C., Y. Huang, T. L. Yip, and V. J. Li. 2022. “Does rail transit development gentrify neighborhoods? Evidence from Hong Kong.” Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 155 (Jan): 354–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.11.022.
Lin, J.-J., T.-Y. Lin, B. R. Kadali, and S. S. V. Subbarao. 2023. “Zone-based TOD evaluation considering interdependences among criteria and zones.” Transp. Policy 133 (Jun): 108–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.01.011.
Lin, P., and N. Wang. 2016. “Building portfolio fragility functions to support scalable community resilience assessment.” Sustainable Resilient Infrastruct. 1 (3–4): 108–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2016.1254997.
Liu, C. 2017. “Common mistakes in coupling degree calculation.” [In Chinese.] J. Huaiyin Teach. Coll. 16 (1): 18–22.
Liu, R., Y. Chen, J. P. Wu, T. B. Xu, L. Gao, and X. Z. Zhao. 2018. “Mapping spatial accessibility of public transportation network in an urban area—A case study of Shanghai Hongqiao Transportation Hub.” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 59 (Mar): 478–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.01.003.
Liu, T., and H. Wang. 2023. “Evaluating the service capacity of port-centric intermodal transshipment hub.” J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 11 (7): 1403. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071403.
Low, J. M. W., S. W. Lam, and L. C. Tang. 2009. “Assessment of hub status among Asian ports from a network perspective.” Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 43 (6): 593–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2009.04.004.
Mejia-Dorantes, L., A. Paez, and J. Manuel Vassallo. 2012. “Transportation infrastructure impacts on firm location: The effect of a new metro line in the suburbs of Madrid.” J. Transp. Geogr. 22 (Sep): 236–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.09.006.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. 2008. Standard for classification of seismic protection of building constructions. GB 50223-2008. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. 2010. Code for seismic design of buildings. GB50011-2010. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. 2014. Code for seismic design of urban rail transit structures. GB50909-2014. Beijing: China Planning Press.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. 2020. Standard for seismic resilience assessment of buildings. GB/T 38591-2020. Beijing: Standards Press of China.
Moreno-Monroy, A. I., R. Lovelace, and F. R. Ramos. 2018. “Public transport and school location impacts on educational inequalities: Insights from Sao Paulo.” J. Transp. Geogr. 67 (Sep): 110–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.08.012.
Nilsson, I., and E. C. Delmelle. 2020. “Impact of new rail transit stations on neighborhood destination choices and income segregation.” Cities 102 (Jul): 102737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102737.
Odu, G. O. 2019. “Weighting methods for multi-criteria decision making technique.” J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 23 (8): 1449–1457. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i8.7.
Polishchuk, O. D. 2020. “Vulnerability of complex network structures and systems.” Cybern. Syst. Anal. 56 (2): 312–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10559-020-00247-4.
Research Institute of Standards and Norms Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. 2022. Guideline for evaluation of seismic resilience assessment of urban engineering systems. RISN-TG041-2022. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press.
Sun, D. J., Y. Zhao, and Q.-C. Lu. 2015. “Vulnerability analysis of urban rail transit networks: A case study of Shanghai, China.” Sustainability 7 (6): 6919–6936. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7066919.
Torkestani, S. S., S. M. Seyedhosseini, A. Makui, and K. Shahanaghi. 2018. “The reliable design of a hierarchical multi-modes transportation hub location problems (HMMTHLP) under dynamic network disruption (DND).” Comput. Ind. Eng. 122 (Jun): 39–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.05.027.
Tyndall, J. 2021. “The local labour market effects of light rail transit.” J. Urban Econ. 124 (Jul): 103350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2021.103350.
Wang, C., J. Wu, J. Buren, E. Guo, and H. Liang. 2021a. “Modeling the inter-regional economic consequences of sequential typhoon disasters in China.” J. Cleaner Prod. 298 (May): 126740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126740.
Wang, W. L., J. W. van de Lindt, N. Rosenheim, H. Cutler, B. Hartman, J. S. Lee, and D. Calderon. 2021b. “Effect of residential building wind retrofits on social and economic community-level resilience metrics.” J. Infrastruct. Syst. 27 (4): 04021034. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000642.
Wei, F., E. Koc, N. Li, L. Soibelman, and D. Wei. 2022. “A data-driven framework to evaluate the indirect economic impacts of transportation infrastructure disruptions.” Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 75 (Jun): 102946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102946.
Wen, W., J. Hu, C. Zhai, and S. Pei. 2024. “Post-earthquake functionality assessment of subway stations considering the interdependency among sub-systems.” Comput. Civ. Infrastruct. Eng. 39 (1): 136–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.13008.
Wenping, Z., W. Zhikang, and Y. Gui. 2019. “A novel algorithm for identifying critical nodes in networks based on local centrality.” J. Comput. Res. Dev. 56 (9): 1872–1880. https://doi.org/10.7544/issn1000-1239.2019.20180831.
Wu, P., Y. Li, and C. Li. 2023. “Invulnerability of the urban agglomeration integrated passenger transport network under emergency events.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20 (1): 450. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010450.
Yang, L. C., Y. Chen, N. L. Xu, R. Zhao, K. W. Chau, and S. J. Hong. 2020. “Place-varying impacts of urban rail transit on property prices in Shenzhen, China: Insights for value capture.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 58 (Jul): 102140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102140.
Yang, Y., H. Tatano, Q. Huang, H. Liu, G. Yoshizawa, and K. Wang. 2021. “Evaluating the societal impact of disaster-driven infrastructure disruptions: A water analysis perspective.” Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 52 (Jan): 101988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101988.
Yin, J., X. J. Cao, and X. Huang. 2021. “Association between subway and life satisfaction: Evidence from Xi’an, China.” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 96 (Jul): 102869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102869.
Zhang, J., J. Cenci, V. Becue, and S. Koutra. 2022. “Analysis of spatial structure and influencing factors of the distribution of national industrial heritage sites in China based on mathematical calculations.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 29 (18): 27124–27139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17866-9.
Zhang, L., T. Chen, Z. Liu, B. Yu, and Y. Wang. 2024. “Analysis of multi-modal public transportation system performance under metro disruptions: A dynamic resilience assessment framework.” Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 183 (May): 104077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104077.
Zhang, S., C. Li, Z. Ma, and X. Li. 2020a. “Influences of different transport routes and road nodes on industrial land conversion: A case study of Changchun City of Jilin Province, China.” Chin. Geogr. Sci. 30 (3): 544–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-020-1126-z.
Zhang, Y., B. M. Ayyub, Y. Saadat, D. Zhang, and H. Huang. 2020b. “A double-weighted vulnerability assessment model for metrorail transit networks and its application in Shanghai metro.” Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot. 29 (Jun): 100358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2020.100358.
Zhao, X., Y. Ye, J. Zhou, L. Liu, W. Dai, Q. Wang, and Y. Hu. 2017. “Comprehensive evaluation of cultivated land quality and sensitivity analysis of index weight in hilly region of Pearl River Delta.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 33 (8): 226–235. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.08.031.
Zheng, K., L. Chen, W. Zhuang, H. Ma, and J. Zhang. 2013. “Bridge vulnerability analysis based on probabilistic seismic demand models.” Eng. Mech. 30 (5): 165–171. https://doi.org/10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2012.01.0027.
Zhong, G., X. Wan, J. Zhang, T. Yin, and B. Ran. 2017. “Characterizing passenger flow for a transportation hub based on mobile phone data.” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 18 (6): 1507–1518. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2016.2607760.
Zhong, G., T. T. Yin, J. Zhang, S. L. He, and B. Ran. 2019. “Characteristics analysis for travel behavior of transportation hub passengers using mobile phone data.” Transportation 46 (5): 1713–1736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-018-9876-5.
Zhong, Z., Y. Shen, Y. Hao, L. Li, and X. Du. 2020. “Seismic fragility analysis of two-story and three-span metro station structures based on IDA method.” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng. 42 (5): 916–924. https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE202005014.
Zhuang, X., L. Zhang, and J. Lu. 2022. “Past-present-future: Urban spatial succession and transition of rail transit station zones in Japan.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19 (20): 13633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013633.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 30 • Issue 4 • December 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 19, 2024
Accepted: Jul 17, 2024
Published online: Sep 23, 2024
Published in print: Dec 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Feb 23, 2025
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.