Buried Steel Water Pipelines in Geohazard Areas—A Basis for Design
Publication: Pipelines 2024
ABSTRACT
Pipelines transporting water resources are often constructed in geohazards regions, including areas with strong ground shaking, faults, landslides, soil subsidence, differential settlement, or soil liquefaction. Safeguarding pipeline integrity in these areas for unhindered water delivery is an essential requirement of pipeline design. “Geohazards and pipelines” constitutes a major topic in pipeline design, with significant importance on pipeline structural safety. In this paper, state-of-the-art methods for the analysis and design of buried steel water pipelines constructed in seismic and geohazard areas are presented. The main aspects of “strain-based” design for steel water pipe are presented, pinpointing its main differences with traditional “stress-based design,” and expanding on its two components, namely, strain demand and strain resistance (or capacity). The present paper can be used as a reference and a background document in relevant codes and standards.
Get full access to this chapter
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
ALA (American Lifelines Alliance). 2005. Seismic Guidelines for Water Pipelines.
API (American Petroleum Institute). 2007. Fitness-For-Service, API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 standard, Washington, DC.
API (American Petroleum Institute). 2013. Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities. API 1104 standard, Washington, DC.
AWWA (American Water Works Association). 2017. Steel Pipe - A Guide for Design and Installation. AWWA M11, 5th Edition.
AWWA (American Water Works Association). 2017. Steel Water Pipe, 6 in. (150 mm) and Larger. AWWA C200.
AWWA (American Water Works Association). 2023. Field Welding of Steel Water Pipe. AWWA C206.
Brockenbrough, R. L. 1990. Strength of Bell‐and‐Spigot Joints. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE 116 (7), 1983–1991.
Dama, E., Karamanos, S. A., and Gresnigt, A. M. 2007. Failure of Locally Buckled Pipelines. J Press Vess-T ASME 129 (2), 272–279.
Davis, C. A. 2008. Assessing geotechnical earthquake hazards for water lifeline systems with uniform confidence. In: Proceedings of ASCE Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics IV, Sacramento, CA, paper 4291.
Gresnigt, A. M. 1986. Plastic Design of Buried Steel Pipes in Settlement Areas. HERON 31 (4),1–113.
Jibson, R. 1994. “Predicting earthquake-induced landslide displacement using Newmark's sliding block analysis.”, TRR 1411, Transportation Research Board, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Karamanos, S. A., and Tassoulas, J. L. 1996. “Tubular Members I: Stability Analysis and Preliminary Results.’, J. of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE 122 (1), 64–71.
Karamanos, S. A., Gresnigt, A. M., and Dijkstra, G. J. 2021. Geohazards and Pipelines, State-of-the-art design using experimental, numerical and analytical methodologies, Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland, 208 pages, ISBN: 978-3-030-49892-4.
Karamanos, S. A. 2023. Structural Mechanics and Design of Metal Pipes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 512 pages, 2023, ISBN: 9780323886635.
Keil, B. D., Lucier, G., Karamanos, S. A., Mielke, R. D., Gobler, F., Fappas, D., Sarvanis, G. C., Chatzopoulou, G., and Card, R. J. 2020a. Experimental Investigation of Steel Lap Welded Pipe Joint Performance under Severe Axial Loading Conditions in Seismic or Geohazard Areas. ASCE Pipelines Conference 2020, 249–258.
Keil, B. D., Fappas, D., Gobler, F., Sarvanis, G. C., Chatzopoulou, G., Lucier, G., Mielke, R. D., and Karamanos, S. A. 2022. A new concept for improving the structural resilience of lap-welded steel pipeline joints. Thin-Walled Structures 171, 108676.
Kennedy, R. P., Chow, A. W., and Williamson, R. A. 1977. Fault movement effects on buried oil pipeline. ASCE J of Transportation Engineering, 103, 617–633.
McPherson, D. L., Duffy, M., Koritsa, E., Karamanos, S. A., and Plattsmier, J. R. 2016. Improving the Performance of Steel Pipe Welded Lap Joints in Geohazard Areas. ASCE Pipelines Conference 2016, Kansas City, Missouri.
Moser, A. P., and Faulkner, S. 2008. Buried Pipe Design. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Nakazono, H., Hasegava, N., Wham, B. P., O’Rourke, T. D., and Blake, B. 2019. Innovative solution to large ground displacement using steel pipe for crossing fault. ASCE Pipelines Conference 2019, Nashville, TN.
Newmark, N. M., and Hall, W. J. 1975. Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement. In: Proceedings of U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 416–425.
O’ Rourke, M. J., and Liu, X. 2012. Seismic design of buried and offshore pipelines, MCEER Monograph, MCEER-12-MN04, Buffalo, NY.
Pournara, A. E., Papatheocharis, T., Karamanos, S. A., and Perdikaris, P. C. 2015. Structural integrity of buckled steel pipes. In: Proceedings of ASME 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, OMAE 2015, St. John's, NL, Canada, May 31- June 5.
Sarvanis, G. C., Chatzopoulou, G., Fappas, D., Karamanos, S. A., Keil, B. D., Lucier, G., Gobler, F., and Mielke, R. D. 2020. Bending response of lap welded steel pipeline joints. Thin-Walled Structures 157, 107065.
Sarvanis, G. C., and Karamanos, S. A. 2017. Analytical Model for the Strain Analysis of Continuous Buried Pipelines in Geohazard Areas. Engineering Structures 152, 57–69.
Trifonov, O. V., and Cherniy, V. P. 2010. A semi-analytical approach to a nonlinear stress–strain analysis of buried steel pipelines crossing active faults. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 30, 1298–1308.
Van Foeken, R. J. 1994. Effect of buckling deformation on the burst pressure of pipes, Report 94-CON-R1008/FNR, TNO Building and Construction Research, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Vazouras, P., Karamanos, S. A., and Dakoulas, P. 2010. Finite element analysis of buried steel pipelines under strike-slip fault displacements. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 30(11), 1361–1376.
Vazouras, P., Karamanos, S. A., and Dakoulas, P. 2012. Mechanical behavior of buried steel pipes crossing active strike-slip faults. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 41, 164–180.
Vazouras, P., Sarvanis, G., and Karamanos, S. A. 2015a. Safety of buried steel pipelines under ground induced deformations (GIPIPE). Final Report, RFSR-CT-2011-00027, Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS), European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
Vazouras, P., Dakoulas, P., and Karamanos, S. A. 2015b. Pipe–soil interaction and pipeline performance under strike–slip fault movements. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 72, 48–65.
Wells, D. L., and Coppersmith, K. J. 1994. Updated empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture area and surface displacement, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 84, No. 4, pp. 974–1002.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Pipelines 2024
Pages: 572 - 584
History
Published online: Aug 30, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.