Technical Papers
Nov 20, 2019

Overview of Applications of Kitchen Wastewater and Its Treatment

Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 24, Issue 2

Abstract

Kitchen wastewater (KWW), a type of gray wastewater has garnered significant attention because of organic pollutants and oil and grease. It has hazardous effects on the environment, such as eutrophication in water bodies and choking of pipes in the sewer system. Stagnant KWW invites serious diseases like malaria, filarial, and dengue. The present water crisis demands the reuse of KWW for nonpotable purposes. This paper is mainly focused on the harmful impact of KWW on the environment, various methods used for its treatment, and its applications in different areas. It is found that phytoremediation is a low-cost method for the treatment of KWW. Reuse of KWW in various fields helps to convert its zero value to a valuable resource. Further exploration of KWW is required for determining its sustainable uses.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Abegunrin, T. P., G. O. Awe, D. O. Idowu, O. O. Onigbogi, and O. E. Onofua. 2013. “Effect of kitchen wastewater irrigation on soil properties and growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus).” J. Soil Sci. Environ. Manage. 4 (7): 139–145. https://doi.org/10.5897/JSSEM2013.0412.
Abubakar, S., A. A. A. Latiff, I. M. Lawal, and A. H. Jagaba. 2016. “Aerobic treatment of kitchen wastewater using sequence batch reactor (SBR) and reuse for irrigation landscape purposes.” Am. J. Eng. Res. 5 (5): 23–31.
Alves, A. D. S. I. 2013. “Study of the bioaugmentation of grease separators using the GOR BioSystem™.” Master of Science thesis, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers Univ. of Technology.
Babu, A., K. Katam, M. P. Gundupalli, and D. Bhattacharyya. 2018. “Nutrient removal from wastewater using microalgae: A kinetic evaluation and lipid analysis.” Water Environ. Res. 90 (6): 520–529. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143017X15054988926299.
Baskar, G., V. T. Deeptha, and A. A. Rahman. 2009. “Treatment of wastewater from kitchen in an institution hostel mess using constructed wetland.” Int. J. Recent Trends Eng. 1 (6): 54–58.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard). 1981. Tolerance limits for industrial effluents. IS:2490. New Delhi, India: BIS.
Chandekar, N., and B. J. Godboley. 2017. “A review on phytoremediation: a sustainable solution for the treatment of kitchen wastewater.” Int. J. Sci. Res. 6 (2): 1850–1855.
Chen, X., G. Chen, and P. L. Yue. 2000. “Separation of pollutants from restaurant wastewater by electrocoagulation.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 19 (1–2): 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00072-6.
CWC (Central Water Commission). 2010. Water and related statistics. New Delhi, India: CWC.
Daud, Z., N. Suhani, R. M. S. R. Mohamed, and H. Awang. 2017. “Feasibility of banana (Musa sapientum) trunk biofibres for treating kitchen wastewater.” Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol. 16 (4): 1205–1210.
Davie, T. 2003. Fundamentals of hydrology. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Dong, Y., S. I. Safferman, J. Ostahowski, T. Herold, and R. Panter. 2016. “Enzyme pretreatment of fats, oil, and grease from restaurant waste to prolong septic soil treatment system effectiveness.” J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A Toxic/Hazardous Subst. Environ. Eng. 52 (1): 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2016.1229928.
Drechsel, P., C. A. Scott, L. Raschid-Sally, M. Redwood, and A. Bahri. 2010. Wastewater irrigation and health: Assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. Sterling, VA: International Water Management Institute.
Edwin, G. A., P. Gopalsamy, and N. Muthu. 2014. “Characterization of domestic gray water from the point source to determine the potential for urban residential reuse: A short review.” Appl. Water Sci. 4 (1): 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-013-0128-8.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 1994. Water quality for agriculture: Irrigation and drainage paper. Rome: FAO.
Ghosh, S., P. Bhattacharya, S. Majumdar, S. Dasgupta, and S. Bandyopadhyay. 2010. “Comparative study on treatment of kitchen-sink wastewater using single and multichannel ceramic membrane.” Int. J. Environ. Technol. Manage. 13 (3–4): 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2010.038012.
Gupta, A., and J. R. Nath. 2018. “Kitchen greywater treatment in a constructed wetland microcosm using aquatic macrophytes.” In Water quality management, edited by V. P. Singh, et al. Singapore: Springer.
Gupta, N., P. Pandey, and J. Hussain. 2019. “Effect of physicochemical and biological parameters on the quality of river water of Narmada, Madhya Pradesh, India.” Water Sci. 31 (1): 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsj.2017.03.002.
He, X. 2012. “Characterization of grease interceptors for removing fat, oil and grease (FOG) and mechanisms of FOG deposit formation in sewer systems.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State Univ.
Huelgas, A., M. Nakajima, H. Nagata, and N. Funamizu. 2009. “Comparison between treatment of kitchen-sink wastewater and a mixture of kitchen-sink and washing-machine wastewaters.” Environ. Technol. 30 (1): 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330802445549.
Jongkon, P., T. Siripen, and D. L. Richard. 2008. “The optimum N:P ratio of kitchen wastewater and oil extracted fermented soybean water for cultivation of Spirulina platensis: Pigment content and biomass production.” Int. J. Agric. Biol. 10 (4): 437–441.
Katam, K., and D. Bhattacharyya. 2018. “Comparative study on treatment of kitchen wastewater using a mixed microalgal culture and an aerobic bacterial culture: kinetic evaluation and FAME analysis.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25 (21): 20732–20742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2209-6.
Khan, A. M., and S. Naz. 2014. “Biopower generation from kitchen wastewater using a bioreactor.” Water Environ. Res. 86 (1): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143013X13807328848577.
Khan, T. M., A. Khalid, U. Habib, M. I. Ramay, U. Ali, and N. Samad. 2011. “Aerobic treatment for recycling kitchen wastewater.” Int. J. Agric. Appl. Sci. 3 (1): 1–8.
Kumar, S. A., C. Marimuthu, E. P. Balaji, and S. S. Riswan. 2014. “Biogas production from kitchen wastewater using USAB reactor.” Int. J. Chem. Tech. Res. 6 (9): 4135–4142.
Lee, K. H., K. Y. Park, S. K. Khanal, and J. W. Lee. 2013. “Effects of household detergent on anaerobic fermentation of kitchen wastewater from food waste disposer.” J. Hazard. Mater. 244–245 (Jan): 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.073.
Luo, T., R. Young, and P. Reig. 2015. Aqueduct projected water stress country rankings: Technical note. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
Mathew, M., S. C. Rosary, M. Sebastian, and S. M. Cherian. 2016. “Effectiveness of vetiver system for the treatment of wastewater from an institutional kitchen.” Procedia Technol. 24 (Jan): 203–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.028.
Mohamed, R. M. S. R., A. Al-gheethi, A. N. Welfrad, and M. K. A. Hashim. 2018. Development in-house: A trap method for pretreatment of fat, oil, and grease in kitchen wastewater. In Handbook of environmental materials management, edited by C. Hussain. Berlin: Springer.
Mohamed, R. M. S. R., C. M. Chan, H. B. Ghani, M. Azarudin, M. Yasin, and A. H. M. Kassim. 2013. “Application of peat filter media in treating kitchen wastewater.” Int. J. Zero Waste Gen. 1 (1): 11–16.
Mohamed, R. M. S. R., A. A. Wurochekke, S. S. M. Hadzri, and A. H. M. Kassim. 2015. “Induction performance of on-site low cost treatment unit for treating kitchen greywater at village house.” J. Appl. Sci. Res. 11 (10): 22–28.
Nagar, H., G. Anusha, and S. Sridhar. 2017. “Sulfonated polyethersulfone/torlon blend membrane incorporated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for energy production from kitchen wastewater using microbial fuel cell.” In Energy engineering, edited by K. Raghavan and P. Ghosh. 163–167. Berlin: Springer.
Namratha, N., P. Harshini, S. Hamsalekha, M. S. Sindhu, and T. H. Udayashankara. 2016. “Review on removal of phosphate and nitrate from kitchen wastewater by constructed wetlands.” Int. J. Mod. Trends Eng. Res. 3 (3): 273–276.
Naserisafavi, N., and M. Y. Chu. 2017. “Evaluation of kitchen wastewater with additives.” Int. Proc. Chem. Bio. Environ. Eng. 102: 57–64.
Nidzamuddin, M. Y., K. Juffrizal, F. Mustapha, Z. M. Zulfattah, C. F. Tan, M. M. Taha, I. Hidayah, and M. Z. Hilwa. 2015. “Case study of the effectiveness of passive grease trap for management on domestic kitchen waste water.” In Vol. 1660 of Proc., AIP Conf., 1–5. Melville, NY: AIP Publishing.
Nyamangara, J., N. Jeke, and J. Rurinda. 2013. “Long term nitrate and phosphate loading river water in the upper Manyame catchment, Zimbabwe.” Water SA 39 (5): 637–642. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v39i5.7.
Oladejo, O. S., O. M. Ojo, O. I. Akinpelu, O. A. Adeyemo, and A. M. Adekunle. 2015. “Wastewater treatment using constructed wetland with water lettuce (Pistia Stratiotes).” Int. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Sci. 3 (2):119–124.
Parwin, R., and K. K. Paul. 2018. “Treatment of kitchen wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes.”In Vol. 34 of Proc., Int. Conf. on Civil and Environmental Engineering (CENVIRON 2017). Arau, Malaysia: Universiti Malaysia Perlis.
Parwin, R., and K. K. Paul. 2019a. “Phytoremediation of kitchen wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes.” J. Environ. Eng. 145 (6). 04019023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001520.
Parwin, R., and K. K. Paul. 2019b. “Efficiency of Eichhornia crassipes in the treatment of raw kitchen wastewater.” SN Appl. Sci. 1 (4): 381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0400-0.
Patil, P., R. S. Gurav, B. S. Brij, and P. D. Maneeth. 2015. “To study the effect of untreated algae, kitchen and garage wastewater on strength characteristics of concrete as curing water.” Int. Res. J. Eng. Tech. 2 (7): 324–329.
Penn, R., M. Hadari, and E. Friedler. 2012. “Evaluation of the effects of greywater reuse on domestic wastewater quality and quantity.” Urban Water J. 9 (3): 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2011.652132.
Pilgonde, A. I. 2017. “Study on treatment of centralized kitchen wastewater by sequencing batch reactor.” Int. J. Res. Eng. Sci. Tech. 3 (1): 26–29.
Plessis, A. D. 2017. “Global water availability, distribution and use.” In Freshwater challenges of South Africa and its Upper Vaal River, 3–11. Berlin: Springer.
Praneeth, K., S. K. Bhargava, J. Tardio, and S. Sridhar. 2014. Water recovery from domestic kitchen effluent through membrane separation processes. In Proc., Chemeca 2014: Processing Excellence; Powering our Future, 1–19. Barton, Australia: Engineers Australia.
Promya, J., S. Traichaiyaporn, and R. Deming. 2008. “Phytoremediation of kitchen wastewater by Spirulina platensis (Nordstedt) Geiteler: Pigment content, production variable cost and nutritional value.” Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. 2 (1): 159–171.
Rahmat, S. N., A. Z. M. Ali, M. H. W. Ibrahim, and N. A. Alias. 2017. “Oil and grease (O&G) removal from commercial kitchen waste water using carbonised grass as a key media.” In Vol. 87 of Proc., MATEC Web Conf., edited by A. Hasan, A. A. Khan, Md. A. Mannan, C. N. Hipolito, N. Mohamed Sutan, Al-K. Hj. Othman, M. R. Kabit, and N. Abdul Wahab. Sarawak, Malaysia: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
Raychaudhuri, M., S. Raychaudhuri, S. K. Jena, A. Kumar, and R. C. Srivastava. 2014. WQI to monitor water quality for irrigation and potable use: DWM Bulletin No. 71. Bhubaneswar, India: Directorate of Water Management.
Rezania, S., M. Ponraj, A. Talaiekhozani, S. E. Mohamad, M. F. M. Din, S. M. Taib, F. Sabbagh, and F. M. Sairan. 2015. “Perspectives of phytoremediation using water hyacinth for removal of heavy metals, organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater.” J. Environ. Manage. 163 (Nov): 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.018.
Rezania, S., S. M. Taib, M. F. M. Din, F. A. Dahalan, and H. Kamyab. 2016. “Comprehensive review on phytotechnology: Heavy metals removal by diverse aquatic plants species from wastewater.” J. Hazard. Mater. 318 (Nov): 587–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.053.
Saini, V., A. Bhattacharya, and A. Gupta. 2013. “Effectiveness of sal deoiled seed cake as an inducer for protease production from Aeromonas sp. S1 for its application in kitchen wastewater treatment.” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 170 (8): 1896–1908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0323-y.
Seun, O. O., O. N. Adeshina, K. Kolawole, T. S. Adedeji, and A. Jamal. 2015. “Kitchen wastewater treatment with constructed wetland using water hyacinth.” Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 6 (1): 834–840.
Shaban, A., and R. N. Sharma. 2007. “Water consumption pattern in domestic households in major cities.” Econ. Political Weekly 42 (23): 2190–2197.
Singh, S. K., V. Kaushik, S. Soni, and N. Lamba. 2014. “Waste management in restaurants: A review.” Int. J. Emerging Eng. Res. Technol. 2 (2): 14–24.
Sivarajah, S., and N. Gnanavelrajah. 2015. “Potential to grow selected leafy vegetables in kitchen wastewater hydroponics.” Am. Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 15 (12): 2337–2342. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.12.12798.
Smith, C. J., J. D. Oster, and G. Sposito. 2014. “Potassium and magnesium in irrigation water quality assessment.” Agric. Water Manage. 157 (Jul): 59–64.
Suehara, K. I., T. Tsunematsu, T. Tasaka, J. Kohda, Y. Nakano, E. Fujii, and T. Yano. 2006. “Development of an air-oil and oil-water interface detector using plastic optical fiber and its application for measurement of oil layer thickness of industrial kitchen wastewater in a grease trap.” J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 39 (6): 670–677. https://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.39.670.
Sutar, S. A., and G. S. Kulkarni. 2016. “Development of decentralized wastewater treatment system for kitchen wastewater.” Int. J. Innovation Res. Create Technol. 2 (2): 51–53.
Tartte, V., C. M. Kalla, D. S. M. Sistla, and G. Fareeda. 2010. “Comparative studies on growth and remediation of wastewater by two cyanobacterial biofertilizers.” Agric. Conspectus Sci. 75 (3): 99–103.
Tawfik, A., and M. El-Qelish. 2012. “Continuous hydrogen production from co-digestion of municipal food waste and kitchen wastewater in mesophilic anaerobic baffled reactor.” Bioresour. Technol. 114 (Jun): 270–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.016.
Tawfik, A., and M. El-Qelish. 2014. “Key factors affecting on bio-hydrogen production from co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste and kitchen wastewater.” Bioresour. Technol. 168 (Sep): 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.127.
Tawfik, A., M. El-Qelish, and A. Salem. 2014. “Efficient anaerobic co-digestion of municipal food waste and kitchen wastewater for bio-hydrogen production.” Int. J. Green Energy 12 (12): 1301–1308. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2014.909357.
Treichel, H., D. de Oliveira, M. A. Mazutti, L. M. Di, and J. V. Oliveira. 2010. “A review on microbial lipases production.” Food Bioprocess Technol. 3 (2): 182–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-009-0202-2.
Ukamaka, N. T., O. C. Nwadiuto, and O. S. Enyi. 2015. “A filtration system for treatment of kitchen waste water for re-use.” Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 6 (10): 596–600.
Uma, G., and R. S. Gurav. 2018. “To study the effect of untreated kitchen wastewater on strength, workability characteristics of concrete as mixing and curing water.” Int. J. Eng. Dev. Res. 6 (3): 213–217.
Vakil, K. A., M. K. Sharma, A. Bhatia, A. A. Kazmi, and S. Sarkar. 2014. “Characterization of greywater in an Indian middle-class household and investigation of physicochemical treatment using electrocoagulation.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 130 (Jun): 160–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.04.018.
Valipour, A., V. K. Raman, and Y. H. Ahn. 2015. “Effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment using a bio-hedge water hyacinth wetland system.” Water 7 (12): 329–347. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7010329.
Venkatesan, K., M. K. Saseetharan, and V. Arutchelvan. 2004. “Determination of bio-kinetic coefficients for dairy waste water.” J. Ind. Pollut. Control 20 (1): 7–16.
Vymazal, J. 2007. “Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands.” Sci. Total Environ. 380 (1–3):48–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.014.
Vymazal, J. 2010. “Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment.” Water 2 (3): 530–549. https://doi.org/10.3390/w2030530.
Wang, Y., and Y. Zhang. 2013. “Parameters optimization of two-phase united anaerobic fermentation hydrogen-methane production.” Adv. Mater. Res. 608–609: 875–878. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.631-632.875.
Wurochekke, A. A., R. M. S. R. Mohamed, S. A. B. L. Halim, A. H. B. M. Kassim, and R. B. Hamdan. 2015. “Sustainable extensive on-site constructed wetland for some bacteriological reduction in kitchen greywater.” Appl. Mech. Mater. 773–774: 1199–1204. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.773-774.1199.
WWAP (World Water Assessment Programme). 2017. United Nations world water development report wastewater: The untapped resource. Paris: UNESCO.
Xiong, Z., L. M. Li, Z. Y. Liang, L. J. Qi, and Y. Liang. 2013. “Separation of oil/water emulsion from kitchen using a novel tubular membrane.” Appl. Mech. Mater. 446–447: 1534–1540. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.446-447.1534.
Zheng, X., W. Zhou, R. Wan, J. Luo, Y. Su, H. Huang, and Y. Chen. 2018. “Increasing municipal wastewater BNR by using the preferred carbon source derived from kitchen wastewater to enhance phosphorus uptake and short-cut nitrification-denitrification.” Chem. Eng. J. 344 (Jul): 556–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.124.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 24Issue 2April 2020

History

Received: Apr 2, 2019
Accepted: Aug 6, 2019
Published online: Nov 20, 2019
Published in print: Apr 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Apr 20, 2020

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Rijwana Parwin [email protected]
Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India. Email: [email protected]
Kakoli Karar Paul [email protected]
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share