Assessment of Radionuclide Concentration and Radiation Dose in Rock in Singrauli Coalfield, India
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 24, Issue 1
Abstract
This study was conducted at the Singrauli coal mine environment in Singrauli coalfield, India. The activity concentrations of thorium (), uranium (), and potassium () in rock samples were analyzed by gamma spectrometry using a -type high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector with a carbon fiber window. From terrestrial radionuclide activity concentration, the ambient radiation gamma dose rate was calculated using UNSCEAR 2000 coefficients. The average activity concentrations , , and were , , and , respectively. The average activity ratio of in various types of rocks was . The radium equivalent activity (Raeq) for various types of rock samples varied from to , with an average value of . The absorbed average gamma dose rate was . The annual average effective equivalent dose was .
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Department of Mining Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, and Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, for providing an Institute Assistantship; Northern Coalfields, Singrauli, for providing field assessment; and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai.
References
Abba, H. T., M. A. Saleh, W. M. S. W. Hassan, A. S. Aliyu, and A. T. Ramli. 2017. “Mapping of natural gamma radiation (NGR) dose rate distribution in tin mining areas of Jos Plateau, Nigeria.” Environ. Earth Sci. 76 (5): 208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6534-8.
Abbady, A. G., M. A. Uosif, and A. El-Taher. 2005. “Natural radioactivity and dose assessment for phosphate rocks from Wadi El-Mashash and El-Mahamid Mines, Egypt.” J. Environ. Radioact. 84 (1): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.04.003.
Al-Jundi, J. 2002. “Population doses from terrestrial gamma exposure in areas near to old phosphate mine, Russaifa, Jordan.” Radiat. Meas. 35 (1): 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(01)00261-X.
Alnour, I. A., H. Wagiran, N. Ibrahim, S. Hamzah, M. S. Elias, Z. Laili, and M. Omar. 2014. “Assessment of natural radioactivity levels in rocks and their relationships with the geological structure of Johor state, Malaysia.” Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 158 (2): 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nct206.
Al-Zahrani, J. 2017. “Gamma radiation measurements of naturally occurring radioactive in igneous rocks and its radiological complications.” World J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 7 (3): 136–144. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2017.73012.
AQCS (Analytical Quality Control Services). 1995. Intercomparison runs: Reference materials. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency.
Balogun, F. A., C. E. Mokobia, M. K. Fasasi, and F. O. Ogundare. 2003. “Natural radioactivity associated with bituminous coal mining in Nigeria.” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 505 (1–2): 444–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01117-3.
Baykara, O., and M. Dogru. 2009. “Determination of terrestrial gamma, , and in soil along fracture zones.” Radiat. Meas. 44 (1): 116–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.10.001.
Beretka, J., and P. J. Matthew. 1985. “Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products.” Health Phys. 48 (1): 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198501000-00007.
Durasevic, M., A. Kandic, P. Stefanovic, I. Vukanac, B. Seslak, Z. Milosevic, and T. Markovic. 2014. “Natural radioactivity in lignite samples from open pit mines ‘Kolubara’, Serbia--risk assessment.” Appl. Radiat. Isot. 87 (May): 73–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.096.
El-Arabi, A. M. 2007. “, and concentrations in igneous rocks from eastern desert, Egypt and its radiological implications.” Radiat. Meas. 42 (1): 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.06.008.
El-Hajj, T., P. S. C. Silva, M. P. A. Gandolla, G. A. S. A. Dantas, A. Santos, and H. Delboni, Jr. 2017. “Radiological hazard indices and elemental composition of Brazilian and Swiss ornamental rocks.” Braz. J. Radiat. Sci. 5 (2): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v5i2.269.
Faanu, A., et al. 2016. “Natural radioactivity levels in soils, rocks and water at a mining concession of Perseus gold mine and surrounding towns in Central Region of Ghana.” SpringerPlus 5 (1): 98 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1716-5.
Hasan, M. M., M. I. Ali, D. Paul, M. A. Haydar, and S. M. A. Islam. 2013. “Measurement of natural radioactivity in coal, soil and water samples collected from Barapukuria Coal Mine in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh.” J. Nucl. Part. Phys. 3 (4): 63–71. https://doi:10.5923/j.jnpp.20130304.03.
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 1989. Measurement of radionuclides in food and environment. Vienna, Austria: IAEA.
Knoll, G. F. 2010. Radiation detection and measurement. New York: Wiley.
Leiva, C., C. Arenas, H. Cifuentes, L. F. Vilches, and J. D. Rios. 2017. “Radiological, leaching, and mechanical properties of cocombustion fly ash in cements.” J. Hazard. Toxic Radioactive Waste 21 (4): 04017011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000362.
Mahur, A. K., R. Kumar, R. G. Sonkawade, D. Sengupta, and R. Prasad. 2008. “Measurement of natural radioactivity and radon exhalation rate from rock samples of Jaduguda uranium mines and its radiological implications.” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 266 (8): 1591–1597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.01.056.
Menzel, R. G. 1968. “Uranium, radium, and thorium content in phosphate rocks and their possible radiation hazard.” J. Agric. Food Chem. 16 (2): 231–234. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60156a002.
Mohapatra, S., S. K. Sahoo, A. Vinod Kumar, A. C. Patra, P. Lenka, J. S. Dubey, V. K. Thakur, R. M. Tripathi, and V. D. Puranik. 2013. “Distribution of norm and in soils of the Visakhapatnam region, Eastern India, and associated radiation dose.” Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 157 (1): 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nct108.
NEA-OECD (Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 1979. Exposure to radiation from natural radioactivity in building materials. Paris: NEA Group of Experts, Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Papadopoulos, A., G. Christofides, A. Koroneos, S. Stoulos, and C. Papastefanou. 2012. “Natural radioactivity and dose assessment of granitic rocks from the Atticocycladic Zone (Greece).” Period. Mineral. 81 (3): 301–311. https://doi.org/10.2451/2012PM0017.
Patra, A. C., S. K. Sahoo, R. M. Tripathi, and V. D. Puranik. 2013. “Distribution of radionuclides in surface soils, Singhbhum Shear Zone, India and associated dose.” Environ. Monit. Assess. 185 (9): 7833–7843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3138-y.
Popek, E. P. 2018. Sampling and analysis of environmental chemical pollutants: A complete guide. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Prakash, M. M., C. S. Kaliprasad, and Y. Narayana. 2017. “Studies on natural radioactivity in rocks of Coorg district, Karnataka state, India.” J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 10 (2): 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2017.02.003.
Rodriguez, W., C. Lizarazo, M. L. Cortes, S. A. Rodriguez, E. F. Mendoza, and F. Cristancho. 2012. “Measurement of , and concentrations in different regions of Colombia.” AIP Conf. Proc. 1423 (1): 354–358. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3688825.
Sankaran Pillai, G., P. Shahul Hameed, and S. M. Mazhar Nazeeb Khan. 2016. “Radioactivity in building materials and assessment of risk of human exposure in the Tiruchirappalli District of Tamil Nadu, India.” J. Hazard. Toxic Radioactive Waste 20 (3): 04016004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000320.
Santawamaitre, T., D. Malain, H. A. Al-Sulaiti, D. A. Bradley, M. C. Matthews, and P. H. Regan. 2014. “Determination of , and activity concentrations in riverbank soil along the Chao Phraya river basin in Thailand.” J. Environ. Radioact. 138 (Dec): 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.07.017.
Santos, T. O., Z. Rocha, V. Vasconcelos, E. G. Lara, H. E. L. Palmieri, P. Cruz, V. A. Gouvea, J. B. Siqueira, and A. H. Oliveira. 2015. “Evaluation of natural radionuclides in Brazilian underground mines.” Radiat. Phys. Chem. 116 (Nov): 377–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.04.029.
Tripathi, R. C., S. K. Jha, L. C. Ram, and B. V. Vijayan. 2014. “Effect of radionuclides present in lignite fly ash on soil and crop produce.” J. Hazard. Toxic Radioactive Waste 18 (4): 04014019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000224.
TRS (Technical Reports Series). 2003. Extent of environmental contamination by naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and technological options for mitigation. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation). 1988. Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. Annexes, UN: UNSCEAR.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation). 2000. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation: Sources. Annexes, UN: UNSCEAR.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 1, 2019
Accepted: Jul 30, 2019
Published online: Sep 28, 2019
Published in print: Jan 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Feb 28, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.