Feasibility Study Using Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash and Biochar from Binary Mixtures of Organic Waste as Agronomic Materials
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 17, Issue 3
Abstract
In this study, properties of rice husk biochar and bamboo biochar are tested to evaluate their potential value as soil conditioners in combination with municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash from three different cities in southern Taiwan (cities of Pingtung, Chiayi, and Chunghua). From the results, it is possible to conclude that rice husk biochar pyrolized at 400°C may have a positive effect on the development and growth of Zea maize L., especially when mixed with bottom ash from Pingtung; with and without additions of fertilizer the treatments showed the best results in germination (100%) and plant weight. In addition, the conversion of organic waste to biochar may offer an attractive option for minimizing the volume of waste products by incorporating bottom ash with soil amendments. The highest increment percentage in biomass total weight in each system is with the treatment with 400°C pyrolized rice husk biochar; it has an increment percentage of 150 and 100% for Pingtung and Chunghua cities, respectively, without fertilizer, and 75–400% for Chiayi with fertilizer.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Asada, T., Ishihar, S., Yamane, T., Toba, A., Yamada, A., and Oikawa, K. (2002). “Science of bamboo charcoal: Study on carbonizing temperature of bamboo charcoal and removal capacity of harmful gases.” J. Health Sci., 48(6), 473–479.
Beesley, L., and Marmiroli, M. (2011). “The immobilization and retention of soluble arsenic, cadmium and zinc by biochar.” Environ. Pollut., 159(2), 474–480.
Beesley, L., Moreno-Jiménez, E., and Gomez-Eyles, J. L. (2010). “Effects of biochar and greenwaste compost amendments on mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of inorganic and organic contaminants in a multi-element polluted soil.” Environ. Pollut., 158(6), 2282–2287.
Bierman, P. M., and Rosen, C. J. (1994). “Phosphate and trace metal availability from sewage- sludge incinerator ash.” J. Environ. Qual., 23(4), 822–830.
Dias, J. M., Alvim-Ferraz, M. C. M., Almeida, M. F., Rivera-Utrilla, J., and Sanchez-Polo, M. (2007). “Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: A review.” J. Environ. Manage., 85(4), 833–846.
Food, and Fertilizer Technology Center. (2001). Application of rice husk charcoal, leaflet for agriculture no. 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
Giordano, P. M., Behel, A. D., Lawrence, J. E., Jr., Soileau, J. M., Jr., and Bradford, B. N. (1983). “Mobility in soil and plant availability of metals derived from incinerated municipal refuse.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 17(4), 193–198.
He, P. J., Zhang, H., Zhang, C. G., and Lee, D. J. (2004). “Characteristics of air pollution control residues of MSW incineration plant in Shanghai.” J. Hazard. Mater., 116(3), 229–237.
Hong, C. L., Jia, Y. B., Yang, X. E., He, Z. L., and Stoffella, P. J. (2008). “Assessing lead thresholds for phytotoxicity and potential dietary toxicity in selected vegetable crops.” Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 80(4), 356–361.
Hong Kong Center for Food Safety. (2011). “Food adulteration (metallic concentration) regulations.” 〈http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/food_leg/food_leg_mc.html〉 (Mar. 11, 2011).
Hua, L., Wu, W., Liu, Y., McBride, M. B., and Yingxu, C. (2009). “Reduction of nitrogen loss and Cu and Zn mobility during sludge composting with bamboo charcoal amendment.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 16(1), 1–9.
Jakobsen, P., and Willett, I. R. (1986). “Comparisons of the fertilizing and liming properties of lime-treated sewage sludge with its incinerated ash.” Fert. Res., 9(3), 187–197.
Japan Environment Agency. (1998). Environmental white paper (Heisei 10 year), Ohkurasyo Printing House, Tokyo, 15–65.
Jones, J. B., Jr. (2001). “Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis.” Chapter 3, Plant analysis. CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
Kawase, K., Yokoyama, E., and Matsui, M. (1972). “Paddy soil in Japan.” Kodansya, Tokyo, 25–28.
Lam, C. H. K., Ip, A. W. M., Barford, J. P., and McKay, G. (2010). “Use of incineration MSW ash: A review.” Sustainability, 2(7), 1943–1968.
Lehmann, J. (2007). “Bioenergy in the black.” Front. Ecol. Environ., 5(7), 381–387.
Lehmann, J., and Joseph, S. (2007). Biochar for environmental management: Science and technology, Earthscan.
Lisk, D. J. (1988). “Environmental implications of incineration of municipal solid waste and ash disposal.” Sci. Total Environ., 74(1), 39–66.
Liu, Z., and Zhang, F. S. (2009). “Removal of lead from water using biochars prepared from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass.” J. Hazard. Mater., 167(1–3), 933–939.
Major, J. (2009). “A guide to conducting biochar trials.” International biochar initiative, 〈http://www.biochar-international.org/〉.
Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition in higher plants, 2nd Ed., Academic, London.
McDaniel, P. (2011). “The twelve soil orders.” Soil Science Division, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID. 〈http://soils.cals.uidaho.edu/soilorders/ultisols.htm〉 (Mar. 3, 2012).
Mellbye, M. E., Hemphill, D. D., and Volk, V. V. (1982). “Sweet corn growth on incinerated sewage sludge-amended soil.” J. Environ. Qual., 11(2), 160–163.
Milford-Murray, H. (1997). Introduction to soils and soil science laboratory exercises, Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, IA.
Park, J. H., Choppala, G. K., Bolan, N. S., and Chuasavathi, T. (2011). “Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals.” Plant Soil, 348(1–2), 439–451.
Rosen, C. J., Bierman, P. M., and Olson, D. (1994). “Swiss chard and alfalfa responses to soil amended with municipal solid waste incinerator ash: Growth and elemental composition.” J. Agric. Food Chem., 42(6), 1361–1368.
Sander, M. L., and Andren, O. (1997). “Ash from cereal and rape straw used for heat production: Liming effect and contents of plant nutrients and heavy metals.” Water Air Soil Pollut., 93(1–4), 93–108.
Shah, F. U. R., Ahmad, N., Masood, K. R., Peralta-Videa, J. R., and Ahma, F. D. (2010). “Heavy metal toxicity in plants.” Springer, Berlin. 〈http://www.springerlink.com/content/ku77421p103m7578/fulltext.pdf〉 (Sep. 12, 2012).
Skorupskaitė, V., and Gintaras, D. (2004). “Investigation of particles size distribution and form of bottom and volant ash.” Environ. Res. Eng. Manage., 29(3), 21–28.
Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) Executive Yuan R.O.C. (Taiwan). (2009). “Extreme events and disasters are the biggest threat to Taiwan: Typhoon Morakot.” 〈http://unfccc.epa.gov.tw/unfccc/english/_uploads/downloads/01_Extreme_Events_and_Disasters_from_Typhoon_Morakot-the_Biggest_Threat_ever_to_Taiwan.pdf〉 (Mar. 24, 2012).
Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) Executive Yuan R.O.C. (Taiwan). (2011). “Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) standards for industrial waste with leaching toxicity.” 〈http://law.epa.gov.tw/search.php?type=att&sn=315755978&num=3&query=ter&lang=en〉 (Jan. 22, 2011).
Theiss, T. L., and Padgett, L. E. (1983). “Factors affecting the release of trace metals from municipal sludge ashes.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 55(10), 1271–1279.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (1990). Toxicity characterization leaching procedure (TCLP), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Van Gerven, T., Cooreman, H., Imbrechts, K., Hindrix, K., and Vandecasteele, C. (2007). “Extraction of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incinerator (mswi) bottom ash with organic solutions.” J. Hazard. Mater., 140(1–2), 376–381.
Willems, M., Pedersen, B., and Jorgensen, S. S. (1976). “Composition and reactivity of ash from sewage sludge.” AMBIO J. Hum. Environ., 5(1), 32–35.
Zhang, F. S., Yamasaki, S., and Kimura, K. (2001a). “Rare earth element content in various waste ashes and the potential risk to Japanese soils.” Environ. Int., 27(5), 393–398.
Zhang, F. S., Yamasaki, S., and Nanzyo, M. (2001b). “Application of waste ashes to agricultural land-effect of incineration temperature on chemical characteristics.” Sci. Total Environ., 264(3), 205–214.
Zhang, F. S., Yamasaki, S., and Nanzyo, M. (2002). “Waste ashes for use in agricultural production. I: Liming effect, contents of plant nutrients and chemical characteristics of some metals.” Sci. Total Environ., 284(1–3), 215–225.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 17 • Issue 3 • July 2013
Pages: 187 - 195
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 7, 2012
Accepted: Jan 17, 2013
Published online: Jan 26, 2013
Published in print: Jul 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.