Chapter 1
Emerging Technologies Impacting the Future of Transportation
Publication: Disruptive Emerging Transportation Technologies
Abstract
The fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have experienced a renewed focus over the last decade. This chapter presents a brief discussion of transportation systems management and operation because this concept links AI and ML techniques. Edge computing technology is introduced from the following aspects: demand on existing transportation infrastructure, identification of transportation application scenarios that edge computing technology can support, and the impact of edge computing on CAV-based roadside infrastructure migration. Specific areas of emphasis include the innovation of 5G technologies and potential impacts on the transportation industry, such as review of 5G data services, impact of 5G data services on smart transportation Infrastructure enhancement, and the impact of 5G data services on connected and automated vehicle (CAV) migration. An overview of Internet of Things (IoTs) technologies is provided and includes transportation application scenarios in which IoTs would be beneficial.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
References
3M. 2019. “Visual attention software (VAS) by 3M.” Accessed September 4, 2019. https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/visual-attention-software-us/.
5G Americas. 2019. “5G—The Future of IoT.” White Paper. Accessed September 1, 2019. https://www.5gamericas.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/5G_Americas_White_Paper_on_5G_IOT_FINAL_7.16.pdf.
5GAA (5G Automotive Association). 2019. “Timeline for deployment of C-V2X—Update.” White Paper. Accessed September 2, 2019. https://5gaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/5GAA_White-Paper-CV2X-Roadmap.pdf.
5GAA. 2020. “A visionary roadmap for advanced driving use cases, connectivity technologies, and radio spectrum needs.” White Paper. Accessed August 28, 2021. https://5gaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/A-Visionary-Roadmap-for-Advanced-Driving-Use-Cases-Connectivity-Technologies-and-Radio-Spectrum-Needs.pdf.
Ai, Y., M. Mugen Peng, and K. Zhang. 2018. “Edge computing technologies for Internet of Things: A primer.” Digital Commun. Networks 4: 77–86.
Anand, T. M., K. Banupriya, M. Deebika, and A. Anusiya. 2015. “Intelligent transportation systems using IoT service for vehicular data cloud.” Int. J. Innovative Res. Sci. Technol. 2 (2): 2349–6010.
Antonio, M. 2019. “Live prediction of traffic accident risks using machine learning and Google maps.” Accessed October 4, 2019. https://towardsdatascience.com/live-prediction-of-traffic-accident-risks-using-machine-learning-and-google-maps-d2eeffb9389e.
Asrar, A. B., N. A. Malek, and A. A. Sharaf. 2018. “Fog computing for network slicing in 5G networks: An overview.” J. Telecommun. Syst. Manage. 7: 2.
AT&T. 2018. “AT&T to Launch Mobile 5G in 2018.” Accessed August 25, 2019. https://about.att.com/story/att_to_launch_mobile_5g_in_2018.html.
Bazzi, A., G. Cecchini, M. Menarini, B. M. Masini, and A. Zanella. 2019. “Survey and perspectives of vehicular Wi-Fi versus sidelink cellular-V2X in the 5G era.” Future Internet 11: 122.
BCC Research. 2018. Virtual reality technologies: Global markets to 2022. Wellesley, MA: BCC Research.
Biocca, F., and M. Levy. 1995. Communication in the age of virtual reality. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Botta, A., W. de Donato, V. Persico, and A. Pescapé. 2015. “Integration of cloud computing and Internet of things: A survey, future generation computer systems.” Accessed October 27, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2015.09.021.
Bratsun, D., D. Volfson, L. Tsimring, and J. Hasty. 2005. “Delay-induced stochastic oscillations in gene regulation.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (41): 14593–14598.
Buskirk, H. 2020. “Auto alliance promising 5MV2X radios if FCC drops 5.9 GHz plan meets skepticism.” Communications Daily, April 24, 2020.
Calabrese, M., and A. Nasr. 2020. “The 5.9 GHz band: Removing the roadblock to Gigabit Wi-Fi.” Accessed September 4, 2020. https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/1071470317508/CalabreseNasr_5.9_GHz_Band_Roadblock_Gigabit_WiFi_Paper_July2020.pdf.
Cano, J. C. 2018. “Victor Berrios, Ben Garcia, and Chai K. Toh, evolution of IoT: An industry perspective.” IEEE Internet Things Mag. 1 (2): 12–17.
Carlson, J. M., and J. Doyle. 2002. “Complexity and robustness.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (Suppl. 1): 2538–2545.
Conway, S., and W. B. Knauer. 2018. “5GAA petition for waiver.” Accessed July 21, 2019. https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/11212224101742/5GAA%20Petition%20for%20Waiver%20-%20Final%2011.21.2018.pdf.
Di, S. X. 2014. “Safety pilot model deployment (SPMD).” Accessed December 1, 2019. https://www.its-rde.net/showds?dataEnvironmentNumber=10014.
Dunn, P. 2019. “Here's how AI is working to improve safety at one of Detroit's most dangerous intersections.” Accessed August 21, 2019. https://www.modeldmedia.com/features/derqjefferson071219.aspx.
Ebsworth-Goold, E. 2016. “Building smarter, safer infrastructure—New sensing system developed by Washington University engineers set for a test at Michigan's Mackinac Bridge.” Accessed July 28, 2019. https://source.wustl.edu/2016/09/building-smarter-safer-infrastructure/.
FCC (Federal Communications Commission). 2020. FCC News for Immediate Release, November 18, 2020: “FCC modernizes 5.9 GHz band for Wi-Fi and auto safety.” Accessed December 20, 2021. https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-368228A1.pdf.
Federal Register. “Use of the 5.850-5.925 GHz band.” Accessed May 3, 2021. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/05/03/2021-08801/use-of-the-5850-5925-ghz-band.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2019a. “Traffic incident management.” Accessed March 1, 2019. https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/eto_tim_pse/about/tim.htm.
FHWA. 2019b. “Transportation systems management and operations (TSMO) plans.” Accessed August 1, 2019. https://ops.fhwa.gov/plan4ops/focus_areas/integrating/transportation_sys.htm.
FHWA. 2014. “Work zone intelligent transportation systems implementation guide.” Accessed March 1, 2019. https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop14008/.
Finill, N., and D. Banjo. 2019. “Scaling up with 5G—Industrial use cases (Presentation), Nokia, ABI research.” Accessed June 19, 2019. https://5gaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/5GAA_White-Paper-CV2X-Roadmap.pdf.
FitchSolutions. 2019. “Japan 5G: Tokyo olympics will explore new use-cases, but smart cities will drive deployment.” Accessed August 26, 2019. https://www.fitchsolutions.com/telecoms-media-technology/japan-5g-tokyo-olympics-will-explore-new-use-cases-smart-cities-will-drive-deployment-06-08-2019.
Flament, M. 2018. “Path towards 5G for the automotive sector.” Accessed July 29, 2019. https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Information/presentations/presentations_2018/2018_10_17_tokyo/presentations/2018_1017_3GPP%20Summit_07_5GAA_FLAMENT.pdf.
Fuchs, P. 2017. Virtual reality headsets - A theoretical and pragmatic approach. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group.
Giang, N. K., V. C. M. Victor Leung, and R. Rodger Lea. 2016. “On developing smart transportation applications in fog computing paradigm.” DIVANet'16. Accessed September 1, 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317018257.
Goldhagen, S. 2017. Welcome to your world: How the built environment shapes our lives. New York: HarperCollins.
Goldstein, P. 2019. “New sensors will monitor Michigan's Mackinac bridge.” Accessed July 28, 2019. https://statetechmagazine.com/article/2019/03/new-sensors-will-monitor-michigans-mackinac-bridge.
Gurvey, S. 2019. “IoT and intelligent transportation.” Accessed August 25, 2019. https://newsroom.cisco.com/feature-content?articleId=1601746.
Howard, B. 2017. “Ford, Qualcomm to test C-V2X wireless safety signaling.” Accessed March 25, 2019. https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/258536-ford-qualcomm-test-cellular-v2x-vehicle-everything-safety-signaling.
Hwang, Y. 2018. “Cellular IoT explained: NB-IoT vs. LTE-M vs. 5G and More.” Accessed July 27, 2019. https://medium.com/iotforall/cellular-iot-explained-nb-iot-vs-lte-m-vs-5g-and-more-8f26496df5d4.
IEEE ComSoc. 2018. “Verizon updates its ‘5G’ plans; Announces ThingSpace platform for IoT developers.” Accessed August 25, 2019. https://techblog.comsoc.org/2018/05/14/verizon-updates-its-5g-plans-announces-thingspace-platform-for-iot-developers/.
ITU-R. 2015. “IMT Vision—Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond.” Accessed June 20, 2019. https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M.2083-0-201509-I%21%21PDF-E.pdf.
Joao, S. S. E. 2019. “Can Edge computing enable international carriers to build a global cloud platform?” Accessed August 28, 2021. https://www.deltapartnersgroup.com/can-edge-computing-enable-international-carriers-build-global-cloud-platform.
Kalay, Y. 2004. Architecture's new media. principles, theories, and methods of computer-aided design, 181–182. Boston: MIT Press.
Kaviani, A. 2019. “How can AI impact road network operations?” Accessed August 6, 2019. https://medium.com/swlh/how-can-ai-impact-road-network-operations-6cfb1de26c7f.
Kdespagniqz 2015. “Connected cars will send 25 gigabytes of data to the cloud every hour, Quartz.” Accessed February 10, 2019. https://qz.com/344466/connected-cars-will-send-25-gigabytes-of-data-to-the-cloud-every-hour/.
Kockelman, K., S. Boyles, P. Avery, C. Claudel, L. Loftus-Otway, D. Fagnant, et al. 2016a. Bringing smart transport to Texans: Ensuring the benefit of a connected and autonomous transport system in Texas—Final report. Technical Rep. No. 0-6838-2, 284–285. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin Center for Transportation Research.
Kockelman, K., P. Bansal, S. D. Boyles, P. Bujanovic, T. Choudhary, L. Clements, et al. 2016b. Implications of connected and automated vehicles on the safety and operations of roadway networks. A final report. Technical Rep. 0-6849-1, Ch. 4. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin Center for Transportation Research.
Laa, Q. D., M. N. Ngo, T. Q. Dinh, T. Q. S. Queka, and H. Shinc. 2019. “Enabling intelligence in fog computing to achieve energy and latency reduction.” Digital Commun. Networks 5 (1): 3–9.
Lanner. 2018. “Intelligent Transportation Systems. Part 2—How Edge computing and 5G could change the way we travel.” Accessed July 23, 2019. https://www.lanner-america.com/blog/intelligent-transportation-systems-part-2-edge-computing-5g-change-way-travel/.
Linthicum, D. 2018. “Edge computing vs. fog computing: Definitions and enterprise usage, Cisco.” Accessed July 25, 2019. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/enterprise-networks/edge-computing.html.
Liu, W., G. Qin, Y. He, and F. Jiang. 2017. “Distributed cooperative reinforcement learning-based traffic signal control that integrates V2X networks’ dynamic clustering.” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 66 (10): 8667–8681.
Lodolo, M. 2019. “LTE evolution: Standardization & deployment, the long run to 5G.” Accessed August 9, 2019. https://www.telit.com/lte-evolution-standardization-and-deployment-the-long-run-to-5g/.
Lopez, S. M. 2016. “An overview of D2D in 3GPP LTE standard.” Accessed May 20, 2019. http://d2d-4-5g.gforge.inria.fr/Workshop-June2016/slides/Overview_LTE_D2D.pdf.
Matthews, J. L., C. E. Wright, K. L. Yudowitch, J. Geddie, and R. L. Palmer. 1978. The perceived favorableness of selected scale anchors and response alternatives. Palo Alto, CA: Operations Research Associates.
Mobile World. 2019. “What does 5G mean in 2019?” White Paper. Accessed September 1, 2019. https://www.mobileworldlive.com/what-does-5g-mean-in-2019/.
NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). 2019. “Achieving V2X interoperability & security—Results from USDOT's security credential management system (scms) deployment workshops.” Accessed October 3, 2019. https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/kreeb_presentation_sae_2019_v4-tag.pdf.
NARCSG (North American Reliability Council Steering Group). 2004. “Technical analysis of the August 14, 2003, Blackout: What happened, why, and what did we learn?” Accessed October 4, 2019. ftp://www.nerc.com/pub/sys/all_updl/docs/blackout/NERC_Final_Blackout_Report_07_13_04.pdf.
O'Donnell, B. 2018. “Machine learning for edge devices.” Accessed September 1, 2019. https://blog.westerndigital.com/machine-learning-edge-devices/.
Postscapes. 2019. “IoT standards and protocols.” Accessed February 24, 2022. https://www.postscapes.com/internet-of-things-protocols/.
Ridden, P. 2019. “Sensors transform bridge into living laboratory.” Accessed July 28, 2019. https://newatlas.com/memorial-bridge-living-laboratory/60039/.
Rose, D. 2018. “Cutting edge: Assessing the potential of edge computing in transport, intelligent transport.” Accessed December 1, 2019. https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transportarticles/73202/potentialedgecomputingtransport/.
Sabella, D., H. Moustafa, P. Kuure, S. Kekki, Z. Zhou, A. Li, et al. 2017. “Toward fully connected vehicles: Edge computing for advanced automotive communications.” 5GAA White Paper. Accessed December 1, 2019. https://5gaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/5GAA_T-170219-whitepaper-EdgeComputing_5GAA.pdf.
SAE International. 2016. “Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to driving automation systems for on-road motor vehicles.” Accessed September 1, 2019. https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3016_201806/.
SamSolutions. 2019. “Internet of things (IoT) protocols and connectivity options: An overview.” Accessed July 27, 2019. https://www.sam-solutions.com/blog/internet-of-things-iot-protocols-and-connectivity-options-an-overview/.
Scully, P. 2018. “The top 10 IoT segments in 2018—Based on 1,600 real IoT projects.” Accessed July 20, 2019. https://iot-analytics.com/top-10-iot-segments-2018-real-iot-projects/.
Segan, S. 2019. “First T-mobile 5G speed test in NYC scores 493Mbps.” Accessed September 3, 2019. https://www.pcmag.com/news/368618/first-t-mobile-5g-speed-test-in-nyc-scores-493mbps.
Sharma, R. 2019. “Top 15 sensor types being used most by IoT application development companies.” Accessed July 27, 2019. https://www.finoit.com/blog/top-15-sensor-types-used-iot/.
Shi, W., J. Cao, Q. Zhang, Y. Li, and L. Xu. 2016. “Edge computing: Vision and challenges.” IEEE Internet Things J. 3 (5): 637–646.
Shi, W., G. Pallis, and Z. Xu. 2019. “Special issue papers, ‘edge computing’.” Proc. IEEE 107 (8): 1474–1481.
Soni, V. 2018. “Comparing fog computing with edge computing.” Accessed June 23, 2019. https://wire19.com/comparing-fog-computing-with-edge-computing/.
Springer, J. 2019. “5G Automotive Association, pioneering digital transformation in the automotive industry.” Accessed September 2, 2019. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/extcoop/cits/Documents/Meeting-20190308-Geneva/14_5GAA-progress_report.pdf.
Stépán, G. 1999. “Delay, nonlinear oscillations and shimmying wheels.” In Vol. 63 of Proc., IUTAM Symp. on New Applications of Nonlinear and Chaotic Dynamics in Mechanics. Solid Mechanics and its Applications, edited by F. C. Moon. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Stojmenovic, I., and S. Wen. 2014. “The fog computing paradigm: Scenarios and security issues.” In Proc., Federated Conf. on Computer Science and Information Systems. September 7–10, Warsaw. Washington, DC: IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6932989/.
Stuhlfauth, R. 2019. “5G NR the new communication technology for C-V2X.” Accessed August 16, 2019. https://www.rohde-schwarz-usa.com/rs/324-UVH-477/images/C-V2X_R%26S_March2019.pdf?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiT0RZMk1qUTJPVEpoWVdVMiIsInQiOiJScmZESGpqd1dhVDMyMndIMEFFSEY2bHE0N1wvZ0tacHp0bzgzU2xEbld1SnpmVWMrODNCOUJmb1Y2OWpKNmJ6YWpLYXFVS0t1elJJMkhaTnFIaFI0cW9SZGNQSjdJbTlRNnZNdmhadmk0Z2hkTk9XT092YmQ0eXRzMkZyQU9LRjQifQ%3D%3D.
Takahashi, D. 2017. “Qualcomm successfully tests its first 5G modem chipset.” Accessed June 17, 2019. https://venturebeat.com/2017/10/16/qualcomm-successfully-tests-its-first-5g-modem-chipset/.
Tang, M., and C. Auffrey. 2018. “Advanced digital tools for updating overcrowded rail stations: Using eye tracking, virtual reality, and crowd simulation to support design decision-making.” Urban Rail Transit 4: 249–256.
Tchernitski, V. 2018. “Fog computing: An intelligent move for (artificially) intelligent startups.” Accessed July 25, 2019. https://www.infoworld.com/article/3265048/fog-computing-an-intelligent-move-for-artificially-intelligent-startups.html.
TechBriefs. 2019. “Smart sensor technology for the IoT.” Accessed July 27, 2019. https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/tb/features/articles/33212.
Tsai, Z. 2018. “The emerging role of AI in edge computing.” Accessed July 25, 2019. https://www.rtinsights.com/the-emerging-role-of-ai-in-edge-computing/.
Tsirtsis, G. 2016. “Leading the world to 5G: Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) technologies.” In Proc., IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conf. New York: IEEE.
Winter, K. 2017. “For self-driving cars, there's big meaning behind one big number: 4 Terabytes.” Accessed February 10, 2019. https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/self-driving-cars-big-meaning-behind-one-number-4-terabytes/#gs.Z5Or5kVf.
Zhang, Q., H. Sun, X. Wu, and H. Zhong. 2019. “Edge video analytics for, public safety: A review.” Spec. Issue Pap. Proc. IEEE 108 (8): 1657–1696.
Zhou, Z., X. Chen, E. Li, L. Zeng, K. Luo, and J. Zhang. 2019. “Edge intelligence: Paving the last mile of artificial intelligence with edge computing.”’ Spec. Issue Pap. Proc. IEEE 107 (8): 1738–1762.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Disruptive Emerging Transportation Technologies
Pages: 1 - 61
Editors: Heng Wei, Ph.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8593, Yinhai Wang, Ph.D., and Jianming Ma, Ph.D.
ISBN (Print): 978-0-7844-1598-6
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8390-9
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Apr 15, 2022
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning
- Business management
- Computer networks
- Computer programming
- Computing in civil engineering
- Engineering fundamentals
- Highway and road management
- Highway transportation
- Highways and roads
- Infrastructure
- Innovation
- Internet
- Practice and Profession
- Systems engineering
- Systems management
- Transportation engineering
- Transportation management
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.