A Simple Approach to Simulate Logjams in Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Models

Natural accumulations of wood, as well as engineered logjams, are relevant for river ecosystems. These structures, by interacting with the flow, can lead to significant backwater effects and morphological changes. Research on engineered logjams has so far mainly relied on physical modeling, which may impede the study of different flow conditions or logjam designs and configurations. Here, a simple approach for the simulation of logjams in two-dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic solvers is explored, building on widely available modeling options. The effect of logjams is included by combining a local contraction and an increase in local frictional losses based on the logjam characteristics, thereby reflecting the main physical flow processes in the region near a logjam. More than 350 modeling tests were used to calibrate and validate the proposed approach. For all tests, backwater rise due to channel- and partial-spanning logjams can be estimated with $\pm 30\%$ prediction range. Given its simple design, the calibrated model is not universal and requires careful evaluation when applying it to different setups. Nevertheless, a clear advantage of the proposed approach is that it uses tools that can be adopted in most of the standard two-dimensional hydrodynamic solvers.